Emergency Medicine

CHEST INJURIES 236 Surgical Emergencies 4 Perform a CXR and look for the following signs seen in diaphragm rupture: (i) Haemotho ...

CHEST INJURIES Surgical Emergencies 237 Penetrating chest injury DIAGNOSIS 1 Penetrating chest injury may be predicted by wounds ...

Abdominal and Pelvic Trauma 238 Surgical Emergencies 5 Operating room thoracotomy Transfer patients with the following injuries ...

ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC TRAUMA Surgical Emergencies 239 (ii) Pelvis X-ray: a fractured pelvis may be associated with major intra-ab ...

ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC TRAUMA 240 Surgical Emergencies (iii) Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) (a) has largely been entirely supe ...

ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC TRAUMA Surgical Emergencies 241 (b) there is scattering of shot if the shotgun is fired from >7 m, perfo ...

ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC TRAUMA 242 Surgical Emergencies 4 Rectal examination is mandatory to identify rectal or urethral injury. 5 ...

ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC TRAUMA Surgical Emergencies 243 4 Insert a large-bore i.v. cannula and send blood for FBC, U&Es and cro ...

Additional Orthopaedic Injuries in Multiple Trauma 244 Surgical Emergencies MANAGEMENT 1 Resuscitate the patient with i.v. f lui ...

ADDITIONAL ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIES IN MULTIPLE TRAUMA Surgical Emergencies 245 Thoracic and lumbosacral spine injury DIAGNOSIS 1 Th ...

ADDITIONAL ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIES IN MULTIPLE TRAUMA 246 Surgical Emergencies Limb injury The management of limb injuries in the m ...

Head Injury Surgical Emergencies 247 (i) Splinting reduces pain, making handling easier; it also reduces blood loss and the risk ...

HEAD INJURY 248 Surgical Emergencies (iv) Associated alcohol or drug intoxication. (v) Relevant medical conditions and drug ther ...

HEAD INJURY Surgical Emergencies 249 MANAGEMENT 1 Avoid giving patients with suspected head injury excessive parenteral analgesi ...

Burns 250 Surgical Emergencies 6 Always remember (i) Look for the cause of any preceding fall in the elderly, such as a transien ...

BURNS Surgical Emergencies 251 5 Check for associated injuries, particularly if burns occurred from an explo- sion, blast injury ...

BURNS 252 Surgical Emergencies 7 Determine the depth of the burn. (i) Full-thickness: the skin is white or brown, dry, leathery, ...

BURNS Surgical Emergencies 253 (iii) Give additional maintenance fluid at 1.0–1.5 mL/kg per hour of normal saline. (iv) The Park ...

BURNS 254 Surgical Emergencies (i) Remember the risk of sudden respiratory obstruction during transit. (ii) Make sure a senior d ...

BURNS Surgical Emergencies 255 10 Give tetanus prophylaxis and oral analgesics such as paracetamol 500 mg and codeine phosphate ...