0805852212.pdf

a rule for tense but instead serves as a storage bin for the list of irregular verbs and their associated past-tense forms. This ...

posed of cells called neurons and the pathways—dendrites and axons—that allow neurons to communicate with one another through sy ...

The brain acts as a self-organizing system and does not rely on extensive or explicit guidance from the environment (Elman et al ...

storage but retrieval.^6 Second, although any language has an infinite possible number of grammatical utterances, it is a mistak ...

COGNITIVE GRAMMAR 213 words in some others, or a combination of both that in turn produce a mental model through conceptual blen ...

214 CHAPTER 6 competition suggests not only that it is possible for a feature characteristic of both dogs and cats to dominate b ...

terance involves matching a mental model of the intended representation of reality against the range of linguistic patterns avai ...

two structures coexist in the network owing to the fact that they both appear in speech. Whether a person uses one or the other ...

COGNITIVE GRAMMAR 217 quently a matter of prosody, not grammar. Given the importance of prosody in language production, we shoul ...

218 CHAPTER 6 ition may tell us that these sentences are related, but our language sense also tells us that they have different ...

teachers that are part of theory-based language arts classes strengthens the con- necting pathways that build the neural network ...

7 Dialects What Is a Dialect? Language varies over time, across national and geographical boundaries, by gender, across age grou ...

Fred jumpedoff ofthe table. Figure 7.1, put together by William Labov, Sharon Ash, and Charles Boberg, illustrates the major r ...

began using language is important because it can help us understand human evolution. As mentioned in the previous chapter, some ...

In most instances, language change is always subtle. Exceptions are re- lated to advances in science and technology and to conqu ...

up speaking Standard English are motivated to learn it because it is the lan- guage of school and business. In this text, we hav ...

Northeast who blended New York and Southern dialects within a few months of their arrival in Chapel Hill. Within a year, only tr ...

226 CHAPTER 7 minishing. Again turning to California, which often is an early indicator of trends, the population in 1970 was 80 ...

DIALECTS 227 We have an obligation to be sensitive to the situation that our students find themselves in. At the same time, it i ...

228 CHAPTER 7 Fortunately, most teachers understand that education is the key to opportu- nity, that opportunity is a clear good ...