0805852212.pdf

149 Sentence 4.60: The book,which was a first edition,had a gold-inlaid cover. Sentence 4.61: Fred vacationed in Mexico,which di ...

Usage Note Most people treat the relative pronounsthatandwhichas being identical. In fact, many teachers are known to tell stude ...

Sentence 70 is very similar to sentence 68 in that it involves a prepositional phrase with a relative pronoun in the NP. It diff ...

Negatives Although there are many ways to saynoinEnglishevenwhenappearingto sayyes,grammatically we form the negative usingno, n ...

Strangely enough, negation does not have this effect on progressive or per- fect verb forms, as the following sentences illustra ...

The young woman, whose name was Maria, told him that most women do not like surprises of this kind. At that moment, Raul, who h ...

Macarena,to stay awake,made a pot of coffee. (adverbial) We also have instances in which nonfinite verb forms appear with nega ...

156 Sentence 4.78:To appear calm,Fred smiled. (adverbial) Sentence 4.79: Macarena,to stay awake,made a pot of coffee. (adverbial ...

As with some of our other rules, the grammar requires us to add restrictions that cannot be written into the expressions. For ex ...

APPLYING KEY IDEAS Directions: Analyze these sentences, identifying their constituents. Select five and diagram them using the p ...

proÆpossessive pronoun possÆ’s tenseÆ past present ì í î ü ý þ negÆ no not never ì í ï î ï ü ý ï þ ï AdjPÆ adj NP (AdvP) ( ...

APPLYING KEY IDEAS Directions: Analyze the following sentences, identifying their constituents. Select five and diagram them usi ...

5 Noam Chomsky and Grammar The Chomsky Revolution Academics hate theoretical vacuums. Clearly, one existed with respect to phras ...

162 CHAPTER 5 Syntactic Structures(1957). In this book, Chomsky argued that phrase-struc- ture grammar was inadequate, and he pr ...

NOAM CHOMSKY AND GRAMMAR 163 previous chapter are sufficiently general to describe a vast array of sentences, this array is insi ...

164 CHAPTER 5 The passive form of this sentence reverses the order of subject and object, modifies the verb phrase, and adds the ...

NOAM CHOMSKY AND GRAMMAR 165 Universal Grammar The grammar that Chomsky (1957) developed consists of a complex set of trans- for ...

166 CHAPTER 5 viewed as quirkiness. In addition, the revisions made the grammar more ab- stract and thus more difficult to under ...

Central to the idea that transformation rules serve as a bridge between deep structure and surface structure was the notion that ...

To solve the crossword is difficult. The crossword is difficult to solve. T-G grammar specifies that the second sentence is de ...