Advices For Studying Organic Chemistry

1) The p orbital of this new sp^2 -hybridized carbon atom overlaps with the p orbital of the central carbon atom ⇒ in the allyl ...

i) The antibonding orbital of the allyl radical is of highest energy and is empty in the ground state of the radical. Figure 13. ...

its time in the vicinity of C1 and C3 ⇒ the two ends of allyl radical are equivalent. 13.3B RESONANCE DESCRIPTION OF THE ALLYL R ...

2) Since A and B are equivalent resonance structures, the allyl radical should be much more stable than either, that is, much mo ...

Figure 13.3 The π molecular orbitals of the allyl cation. The allyl cation, like the allyl radical, is a conjugated unsaturated ...

13.5 SUMMARY OF RULES FOR RESONANCE 13.5A RULES FOR WRITING RESONANCE STRUCTURES Resonance structures exist only on paper. Reso ...

All atoms that are a part of the delocalized system must be in a plane or be nearly planar. 2,3-Di-tert-butyl-1,3-butadiene b ...

A CH 3 CCHCH 2 CH 3 CH 3 CCHCH 2 CH 3 CH 3 CCHCH 2 CH 3 δ+ δ+ abcd ++ (^67) ii) Structure 6 makes greater contribution means tha ...

i) Structures in which opposite charges are separated have greater energy than those that have no charge separation. CH 2 CH Cl ...

ii) lene is used as a class name for molecules with two cumulated CH 2 =C=CH 2 The name al double bonds. CCC A cumulated diene i ...

The bond length of 1,3-butadiene: CH 2 CH CH CH 2 1 234 1.34 Å 1.47 Å 1.34 Å 1) The C1―C2 bond and the C3―C4 bond are (within ...

1) The s-trans conformation of 1,3-butadiene is the predominant one at room temperature. 13.7C MOLECULAR ORBITALS OF 1,3-BUTADIE ...

Figure 13.5 Formation of the π molecular orbitals of 1,3-butadiene from four isolated p orbitals. The shapes of molecular orbita ...

Comparison of the heat of hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene and 1-butene: ∆H° (kJ mol–1) 2 CH 2 =CHCH 2 CH 3 + 2 H 2 2 CH 3 CH 2 C ...

1) Conjugation affords trans-1,3-pentadiene an extra stability of 15 kJ mol–1 ⇒ conjugated dienes are more stable than isolated ...

CH^12 CH^23 CH CH^42 + H Cl 1,2-addition CH 2 CH CH CH^2 Cl 3-Chloro-1-butene H 2) 1,4-Addition: CH 2 CH CH CH 2 1 234 + H Cl 1, ...

1,3-Butadiene shows 1,4-addition reactions with electrophilic reagents other than HCl. CH 2 =CHCH=CH 2 40 HBroC CH 3 CHBrCH=CH ...

CH 2 CHCH +HBr − 80 oC 40 oC CH 3 CHCH CH 2 Br (80%) CH 3 CHCH CH 2 Br (20%) CH 3 CH CHCH 2 (20%) Br + CH 3 CH CHCH 2 (80%) Br + ...

Figure 13.10 A schematic free-energy versus reaction coordinate diagram for the 1,2 and 1,4 addition of hbr to 1,3-butadiene. An ...

Special Topic A CHAIN-GROWTH POLYMERS A.1 INTRODUCTION A.1A POLYMER AGE 石器時代 ⇒ 陶器時代 ⇒ 銅器時代 ⇒ 鐵器時代 ⇒ 聚合物時代 The development of th ...