Advices For Studying Organic Chemistry

negative oxygen of the alkoxide ion formed ⇒ solvation stabilizes the alkoxide ion and increases the acidity of the alcohol. R O ...

+ OCH 2 CH 3 Ethyl ethyl H (−baseHCl) OCH 2 CH 3 p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride Ethanol p-toluenesulfonate ( tosylate) S O O S CH 3 ...

called a “tosyl” group. 2) Methanesulfonates are known as “mesylates” and p-toluenesulfonates are known as “tosylates”. or Ms− o ...

solvolysis + −OSO 2 CF 3 Vinylic triflate CC OSO 2 CF 3 CC+ Vinylic cation Triflate ion Alkyl sulfonates provide an indirect me ...

2) group or of one of the anhydride linkages of an 3) , these phosphates exist as negatively charged ions and hence are E s in ...

2) Phosphorous tribromide (PBr 3 ): + PBr 3 −10 to 0 oC 3 (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 OH 4 h 3 (CH( (^3) 55-60%) 2 CHCH) 2 Br + H 3 PO 3 3) ...

Step 1 + OH H H fast C CH 3 CH 3 O H H 3 C O+ H H C CH 3 CH 3 H 3 C + OH H + Step 2 C slow CH 3 CH 3 H 3 C OH+ OH H H H 3 CC + C ...

Dehydration and RX formation from alcohols furnish another example of the competition between nucleophilic substitution and eli ...

R O+ O H Cl^ − + −ZnCl 2 Cl R + [Zn( H)Cl 2 ]− [Zn(OH)Cl 2 ]– + H+ ZnCl 2 + H 2 O 11.14 ALKYL HALIDES FROM THE REACTION OF ALCOH ...

Thionyl chloride (SOCl 2 ) converts 1° and 2° alcohols to alkyl chlorides (usually without rearrangement): +SOCl 2 reflux + ( 1 ...

1) Dehydration to an ether usually takes place at a lower temperature than dehydration to an alkene. i) The dehydration to an et ...

(^) Attempts to synthesize ethers with 2° alkyl groups by intermolecular dehydration of 2° alcohols are usually unsuccessful be ...

2) If the substrate is 3°, elimination is the exclusive result. 3) Substitution is favored over elimination at lower temperature ...

H 2 SO 4 OCH 2. OCH OCH OCH H 2 CC(CH 3 ) 2 H 3 O+ +(CH 3 ) 3 COH 4-Pentyn-1-ol H 2 CH 2 CH 2 Br (CH 3 ) 3 C 2 CH 2 CH 2 BrNaC ...

Dialkyl ethers react with very few reagents other than acids. Reactive sites of a dialkyl ether: C–H bonds and –O– group. Ether ...

1) The reaction begins with formation of an oxonium ion. 2) An S 2 reaction with a bromide ion acting as the nucleophile produce ...

formation of an epoxide and a carboxylic acid. 3. Most often used peroxy acids for epoxidation: 1) MCPBA: Meta-ChloroPeroxyBenzo ...

+ trans-2-Butene C C H 3 CH HCH 3 + O COOH O O R H CH 3 H 3 C H H 3 C H H CH 3 Enantiomeric trans-2,3-dimethyloxiranes ...

The Chemistry of The Sharpless Asymmetric Epoxidation In 1980, K. B. Sharpless (then at the Massachusetts Institute of Technolo ...

The tartrate (either diethyl or diisopropyl ester) stereoisomer that is chosen depends on the specific enantiomer of the epoxid ...