Advices For Studying Organic Chemistry

1) Compounds in which a hydroxyl group is attached to an unsaturated carbon atom of a double bond (i.e., C=C–OH) are called enol ...

11.1A NOMENCLATURE OF ALCOHOLS The hydroxyl group has precedence over double bonds and triple bonds in deciding which functiona ...

hydrocarbon ring system and use the prefix oxa- to indicate that an oxygen atom replaces a CH 2 group. 2) Oxirane: a cyclic thre ...

2) Diethyl ether and 1-butanol have the same solubility in water, approximately 8 g per 100 mL at room temperature. Pentane, by ...

Table 11.2 Physical Properties of Alcohols Compound Name (°C)mp (1 atm)bp(°C) Density d 420 (g mL–1) Water Solubility (g 100 mL– ...

Methanol, ethanol, both propanols, and tert-butyl alcohol are completely miscible with water. The remaining butyl alcohols ha ...

Fermentation is usually carried out by adding yeast to a mixture of sugars and water. Yeast contains enzymes that promote a l ...

2) Ethanol is toxic. In rats the lethal dose of ethanol is 13.7 g/Kg of body weight. 3) Abuse of ethanol is a major drug problem ...

1) They often detonate without warning when ether solutions are distilled to near dryness ⇒ test for and decompose any ether per ...

11.5 ALCOHOLS FROM ALKENES THROUGH OXYMERCURATION-DEMERCURATION Alkenes react with Hg(OAc) 2 in a mixture of THF and water to p ...

Specific examples: CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH CH 2 Hg(OAc)^2 OAc CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH CH 2 Hg NaBH 4 + 1-Pentene 2-Pentanol (93%) THF- OH− ...

A Mechanism for the Reaction Oxymercuration Step 1 Hg(OAc) 2 +HgOAc + –OAc Mercuric acetate dissociates to form an Hg+OAc ion an ...

11.6 HYDROBORATION: SYNTHESIS OF ORGANOBORANES Hydroboration, discovered by Herbert C. Brown of Purdue University (co-winner of ...

boron hydride adds successively to the double bonds of three molecules of the alkene to form a trialkylborane: CH 3 CH CH 2 + H ...

3) Both electronic and steric factors accounts for the anti-Markovnikov orientation of the addition. A Mechanism for the Reactio ...

B B H syn addition CH + enantiomer 3 anti-Markovnikov H CH^3 H 11.7 ALCOHOLS FROM ALKENES THROUGH HYDROBORATION-OXIDATION Addit ...

R 3 B NaOH, 25 oC 3 R + Na 3 BO 3 oxidation OH H 2 O 2 The alkyl migration takes place with retention of configuration of the a ...

1-Methylcyclopentene trans-2-Methylcyclopentanol (86%) CH + enantiomer 3 H CH^3 OH H 2 O 2 , OH− H THF: H 3 B 11.7A THE STER ...

R B R CH 3 C O B Organoborane Alkane O CH 3 CO 2 heat H + H 11.8 REACTIONS OF ALCOHOLS The oxygen atom of an alcohol polarizes ...

Nu:− + C OH+ H SN^2 Nu C OH Protonated alcohol + H 2) Alcohols are nucleophiles ⇒ they can react with protonated alcohols to aff ...