Arabic: An Essential Grammar

Note: In spite of being in the perfect tense, the above verb َذ َهب refers to the future here (see chapter 17). 39.4 ِإ َذا
id ...

(e) ...فـ َ /fa.../ preceding the interrogative particle َه ْل hal: ِإ ْ ن / ِإ َذا ُقْل ُت َل َك ِس ّر ًا َف َه ْل َت ْك ُت ُم ...

س ِفي ُرَّ ْس َت َقا َل ل
َل ْو َلا ُه َلا law-la ̄-hu la-staqa ̄la s-safı ru. Were it not for him, the ambassador would ha ...

39.10 Concessive particles The combined particles and expressions below correspond to the English concessive conjunctions and pr ...

س َما ُءَّ َس ْو َف ُأ َسا ِف ُر َو ِإ ْن َو َق َع ِت ل sawfa
usa ̄firu wa-
in waqa  at-i s-sama ̄
u. I will travel, eve ...

َتْم َّ لَعَت ْوَل 1 َكِرَغِص يِف ًةَنْهِم 2 يف َكـْتـَعَفَنـَل 3 . َكِلـَبْقَتْسُم (7) Had you learned 1 a profession in your c ...

ْوَل 1 َجِلوـُع 2 ُحيِرَجـْل 3 اًجَلاِع 4 vَنَسْحَأ 5 ْنِم َيِفُشَل 6 يِف ) ٌحْرُج ( ِهِحورُج 7 ٍةَّدُم 8 . َرَصْقَأ (15) Had 2 ...

(3) If you don’t visit the wounded (man) today, I will be angry with you and I will not visit you tomorrow. (4) If you practise ...

...

Appendix 1 Tables of verb forms ...

Table A1.1. The patterns of the ten forms of the strong triliteral verb َف َع َل fa  ala ‘to do, to act ’ Active I II III IV V ...

Passive ّع َل ُف ِع َل َ ّع َل ُأ ْف ِع َل ُفو ِع َل ُف َ ُت ُف ُأ ْف ُت ِع َل ُأ ْن ُف ِع َل ُت ُفو ِع َل ُأ ْس ُت ْف ِع َل Per ...

Table A1.2. The patterns of the derived forms of the doubled verb َرّ ف farra ‘to escape, to fl ee ’ Active I II III IV V VI VII ...

Passive َرّ ُف ر ُفو ِر َر َّ ُأ ِف ر ُت ُفو ِر َر َّ ر ُأ ْن ُف َّ ُأ ْف ُت َرّ ُأ ْس ُت ِف Perfect furra fu ̄ rira
u fi rra t ...

Table A1.3 The patterns of the derived forms of verbs with a weak initial radical و : َو َص َل was ala, ̇ ‘to arrive ’ Active I ...

Passive ّص َل ُو ِص َل َ ُأو ِص َل ُوو ِص َل ُو ّص َل َ ت ِص َل ُأ ْن ُو ِص َل ُت ُوو ِص َل ُت ُو ُّ ُأ ُأ ْس ُتو ِص َل Perfect ...

Table A1.4 The patterns I X of verbs with a weak middle radical و : َقا َم qa ̄ ma ‘to stand up ’ (from قوم qwm) Active I II ...

Passive ّو َم ِقي َم َ ُق ُقو ِو َم ّو َم ُأ ِقي َم َ ُت ُق ُت ُقو ِو َم ُأ ْق ِتي َم ُأ ْن ِقي َم ُأ ْس ُت ِقي َم Perfect q ım ...

328 Appendix 2 Verb conjugation paradigms A2.1 Strong verb َك َت َب ‘to write’ (perf. /a/ imperf. /u/) Active Passive Perf. Impe ...

A2.2 Conjugations of the derived verb forms II–X The conjugations of the derived verb forms II–X below serve as models for other ...