Arabic: An Essential Grammar

...

Arabic An Essential Grammar ‘The book has the great advantage of introducing Arabic grammatical terminology in a manner that is ...

Routledge Essential Grammars Essential Grammars are available for the following languages: Chinese Czech Danish Dutch English Fi ...

Arabic An Essential Grammar Faruk Abu-Chacra ...

First published 2007 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Ca ...

v Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements viii List of abbreviations ix 1 Arabic script, transliteration and alphabet table 1 2 Pr ...

23 Participles, verbal nouns (mas ̇ dar), nouns of place, time and instrument 160 24 Interrogative particles and pronouns, vocat ...

vii Preface This book describes the fundamental grammar and structure of modern literary Arabic. It is complete with exercises a ...

viii Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to my former colleagues at the Institute for Asian and African Studie ...

ix Abbreviations acc. accusative act. active C consonant def. definite dipt. diptote du. dual f./fem. feminine gen. genitive imp ...

...

1 Chapter 1 Arabic script, transliteration and alphabet table 1.1 The Arabic script The Arabic alphabet consists of 28 letters r ...

1.2 Transliteration The transliteration of the Arabic alphabet given below is based on the Latin alphabet, but some of the lette ...

1.4 Writing letters in different positions Below each letter is presented as it appears in different positions in connected writ ...

(11) z ز ززز (12) s سـسـس س (13) sˇ ش شـشـش (14) s ̇ صـصص ص (15) d ̇ ض ضـضض (16) t ̇ ططط ط (17) d ̄ ̇ ظ ظظظ (18)  عـعـع ع (19) ...

5 Chapter 2 Pronunciation of consonants (1)
Alif (^) ا This first letter has no pronunciation of its own. One of its main func ...

like a loud whispering from the throat. It must be kept distinct from the sounds of خ /h ̆ / (7) and هـ.. /h/ (26). (7) H ̆ a ̄ ...

part to د /d/ (8). In current use in many dialects it is, however, also pronounced as the counterpart of ذ /d ̄ / (9), somewhat ...

(23) La ̄m (^) ل /l/ A voiced alveolar lateral as the l in English ‘let’. (24) Mı ̄m (^) م /m/ A voiced bilabial nasal as the m ...

9 Chapter 3 Punctuation and handwriting 3.1 Punctuation Punctuation marks are not found in early Arabic manuscripts. The Arabs h ...