Physics and Radiobiology of Nuclear Medicine

mined by direct measurement, a combination of measurement of radioac- tivity and mathematical calculations, or a combination of ...

be labeled, unless the label on the syringe or vial is visible through the shield. Although syringe shields are not required by ...

tion, (b) radiation protection, (c) mathematics pertinent to radioactivity, (d) chemistry of by-product material, and (e) radiat ...

occurs when a dose exceeds 5 rem (0.05 Sv) effective dose equivalent, or 50 rem (0.5 Sv) to an organ or tissue or skin from any ...

5 rem (50 mSv) total effective dose equivalent, or has resulted in unintended permanent functional damage to an organ or biologi ...

Records of release of patients are required, if the TEDE is calculated by using the retained activity rather than the administer ...

292 16. Radiation Regulations and Protection Table16.4. Recordkeeping of various activities related to radioactive materials. Ti ...

Transportation of Radioactive Materials The transportation of radioactive materials is governed by the U.S. Depart- ment of Tran ...

documents inside, bearing the identity, amount, and chemical form of the radioactive material and the TI. Placards are necessary ...

Employees who ship hazardous material including radioactive material must have hazmat training to be able to recognize and ident ...

A drug can be approved for marketing in either a centralized or decentralized way. For the centralized procedure of approval, th ...

directives are similar to NRC 10CFR20 and 10CFR35 regulations in the United States and address all aspects of radiation protecti ...

Why is^32 P stored in plastic and not in lead containers? What is the approximate amount of lead necessary to reduce the expo- ...

Federal Registers. Code of Federal Regulations. 49CFR170 to 49CFR189. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989, 200 ...

Appendix A Units and Constants 300 Energy 1 electron volt (eV) =1.602 × 10 −^12 erg 1 kiloelectron volt (keV) =1.602 × 10 −^9 er ...

1 nanometer (nm) = 10 −^9 m 1 angstrom (Å) = 10 −^8 cm 1 fermi (F) = 10 −^13 cm 1 inch =2.54 cm Activity 1 curie (Ci) =3.7 × 101 ...

Appendix B Terms Used in Text Absorption.A process by which the total energy of a radiation is removed by an absorber through wh ...

Biological half-life(Tb).The time by which one half of an administered dosage of a substance is eliminated by biological process ...

is the effective half-life, and Tpand Tbare the physical and biological half- lives, respectively. Electron (e−).A negatively ch ...

Isomeric transition (IT).Decay of the excited state of an isomer of a nuclide to a lower excited state or the ground state. Isom ...