Wine Chemistry and Biochemistry

8 F. Z a m o r a consumed previously during the phosphorylation of the hexoses, the net energy gain for the cell is two ATPs per ...

1 Biochemistry of Alcoholic Fermentation 9 Both pathways begin with glycolysis (as described above), which generates pyru- vate ...

10 F. Z a m o r a Krebs cycle and the constituents of respiratory chains are repressed (Gancedo 1992; Polakis et al. 1965; Barne ...

1 Biochemistry of Alcoholic Fermentation 11 Pyruvate is initially decarboxylated into ethanal by pyruvate decarboxylase. This en ...

12 F. Z a m o r a P l a s m a M e m b r a n e Dihydoxyacetone phosphate Glyceraldehyde -3-phosphate Cytoplasme Triose phosphate ...

1 Biochemistry of Alcoholic Fermentation 13 proline. This EAN can simply be determined using the formol index (Taylor 1957; Aern ...

14 F. Z a m o r a is incorporated to the amino acid pool via glutamate dehydrogenase or via glu- tamine synthetase, thus produci ...

1 Biochemistry of Alcoholic Fermentation 15 P l a s m a M e m b r a n e Grape juice Cytoplasme Acetyl-coA OO HOHO HOHO Acetoacet ...

16 F. Z a m o r a P l a s m a M e m b r a n e Cytoplasme Acetyl-coA Phospholipids Malonyl-coA ½ O 2 H 2 O CO-ScoACOOHCOOH Acetyl ...

1 Biochemistry of Alcoholic Fermentation 17 Zamora 2004). For that reason, aerating the grape juice is recommended during the ex ...

18 F. Z a m o r a enhance its tolerance to ethanol (Alexandre et al. 1994). In the particular case of red winemaking, these chan ...

1 Biochemistry of Alcoholic Fermentation 19 4.Nutrient deficiencies: The lack of some nutrients in the grape juice can cause ser ...

20 F. Z a m o r a 1.11 Other Subproducts of Alcoholic Fermentation As mentioned previously, fermentation produces mainly ethanol ...

1 Biochemistry of Alcoholic Fermentation 21 contribute to a wine’s aroma. Although alcoholic fermentation does not produce enoug ...

22 F. Z a m o r a in concentrations between 0.6 and 1.2 g/l and it contributes significantly to the wine acidity.Saccharomyces c ...

1 Biochemistry of Alcoholic Fermentation 23 Cabib, E., Roberts, R., & Bowers, B. (1982) Synthesis of the Yeast Cell Wall and ...

24 F. Z a m o r a Hohmann, S. (1996) Pyruvate decarboxylases. In F.K. Zimmerman & K.D. Entian (Eds.),Ye a s t Sugar Metaboli ...

1 Biochemistry of Alcoholic Fermentation 25 Nakagawa, Y., Sakumoto, N., Kaneko, Y., & Harashima, S. (2002) Mga2p is a putati ...

26 F. Z a m o r a Sapis-Domerq, S. (1980)Etude de l’influence des produits de traitement de la vigne sur la ́ microflore des rai ...

Chapter 2 Biochemical Transformations Produced by Malolactic Fermentation Antonella Costantini, Emilia Garc ́ıa-Moruno, and M. V ...