CIVIL ENGINEERING FORMULAS

342 CHAPTER TWELVE function of the design. Information on the design is furnished by the pump manu- facturer in a series of curv ...

HYDRAULICS AND WATERWORKS FORMULAS 343 The operating points at which similar flow patterns occur are called corre- sponding poin ...

344 CHAPTER TWELVE the vapor pressure of the water, expressed in meters (feet). Cavitation occurs when the NPSHAis less than the ...

HYDRAULICS AND WATERWORKS FORMULAS 345 Qdischarge, cfs (cu m/s) Q 1 discharge at 1 ft head cfs (cu m/s) tthickness, in, or ti ...

346 CHAPTER TWELVE A convenient way of determining the highest practicable speed is by the relation of the specific speed to the ...

HYDRAULICS AND WATERWORKS FORMULAS 347 for (12.176) for (12.177) where VandHare the penstock velocity, ft/s (m/s); and head, ft ...

348 CHAPTER TWELVE DAMS A structure that bars or detains the flow of water in an open channel or water- course. Dams are constru ...

HYDRAULICS AND WATERWORKS FORMULAS 349 Utotal uplift force Halgebraic summation of all active horizontal forces Valgebraic su ...

350 CHAPTER TWELVE The resistance of a gravity dam to sliding is primarily dependent upon the development of sufficient shearing ...

HYDRAULICS AND WATERWORKS FORMULAS 351 usually considered as gravity dams, although some parts of the loads may be carried by ar ...

352 CHAPTER TWELVE Rock Movements. Considerations of rock movements and their effects on the section of arch dams may be based o ...

HYDRAULICS AND WATERWORKS FORMULAS 353 In the preceding equations, MandVare the arch and cantilever moments and shears, Hthe arc ...

354 CHAPTER TWELVE wherexintensity of normal stress on horizontal plane Ntotal vertical load on section (masonry water) Ase ...

HYDRAULICS AND WATERWORKS FORMULAS 355 where Qdischarge, cfs Hhead, ft Llength, ft C 1 a coefficient that depends on the cha ...

356 CHAPTER TWELVE and the effective stress in the soil (12.207) but 1/LiandiN 1 /N 2 , therefore (12.208) Were the soil struct ...

HYDRAULICS AND WATERWORKS FORMULAS 357 The coefficient of permeability may be determined in the laboratory by tests on distribut ...

358 CHAPTER TWELVE CaseII. When I< 2U, (12.213) Figure 12.33 gives 10 formulas for seepage through the embankment of an earth ...

HYDRAULICS AND WATERWORKS FORMULAS 359 economically by provided against the erosion which would occur if the dam were overtopped ...

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CHAPTER 13 361 STORMWATER, SEWAGE, SANITARY WASTEWATER, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION* DETERMINING STORM WATER FLOW Sewers must h ...