The Foundations of Chemistry
Figure 16-8 Data conversion and plots for Example 16-10. (a) The data are used to calculate the two columns ln [A] and 1/[A]. (b ...
(f ) We use the straight-line plot in Figure 16-8c to find the value of the rate constant for this first-order reaction from the ...
COLLISION THEORY OF REACTION RATES The fundamental notion of the collision theory of reaction ratesis that for a reaction to occ ...
Only the collision in Figure 16-9a is in the correct orientation to transfer an oxygen atom from the linear N 2 O molecule to fo ...
AB 2 88nABB Figure 16-10 shows plots of potential energy versus the progress of the reaction. In Figure 16-10a the ground stat ...
The activation energy, Ea,is the kinetic energy that reactant molecules must have to allow them to reach the transition state. I ...
the appropriate orientation could allow the new IXC bond to form at the same time that the CXCl bond is breaking. This collectio ...
Using a combination of experimental data and chemical intuition, we can postulatea mechanism by which a reaction could occur. We ...
1.Reactant:More is consumed than is formed. 2.Product:More is formed than is consumed. 3.Reaction intermediate:Formed in earlier ...
Similar interpretations apply to most other overall third- or higher-order reactions, as well as many lower-order reactions. Whe ...
TEMPERATURE: THE ARRHENIUS EQUATION The average kinetic energy of a collection of molecules is proportional to the absolute temp ...
Antimony powder reacts with bromine more rapidly at 75°C (left) than at 25°C (right). 16-8 Temperature: The Arrhenius Equation 6 ...
EXAMPLE 16-11 Arrhenius Equation The specific rate constant, k,for the following first-order reaction is 9.16 10 ^3 s^1 at 0. ...
We arrange the Arrhenius equation for Ea. ln T 1 1 T 1 2 so Ea Substituting, Rln k k 2 1 T 1 1 T 1 2 ...
CATALYSTS Catalystsare substances that can be added to reacting systems to increase the rate of reaction. They allow reactions t ...
We can describe two categories of catalysts: (1) homogeneous catalysts and (2) hetero- geneous catalysts. Homogeneous Catalysis ...
We see that His a reactant in step 1, but it is completely regenerated in step 5. H is therefore a catalyst. The species shown ...
tionoccurs more readily than would otherwise be possible. In a final step, desorption,the product molecules leave the surface, f ...
Nitrogen oxide is a serious air pollutant because it is oxidized to nitrogen dioxide, NO 2 , which reacts with water to form nit ...
Pt 2SO 2 (g)O 2 (g)8888n2SO 3 (g) NiO Sulfur trioxide is probably a worse pollutant than sulfur dioxide, because SO 3 is the ac ...
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