The Foundations of Chemistry

COLLOIDS A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which solute particles are at the molecular or i ...

576 CHAPTER 14: Solutions CC Our Daily Lives HEMISTRY IN USE Water Purification and Hemodialysis Semipermeable membranes play im ...

14-15 Osmotic Pressure 577 ucts (e.g., creatinine, urea, and uric acid) from the blood with- out removal of substances needed by ...

THE TYNDALL EFFECT The scattering of light by colloidal particles is called the Tyndall effect(Figure 14-18). Particles cannot s ...

HYDROPHILIC AND HYDROPHOBIC COLLOIDS Colloids are classified as hydrophilic(“water loving”) or hydrophobic(“water hating”) based ...

colloids (milk fat in milk, vegetable oil in mayonnaise) that stay suspended with the aid of emulsifying agents (casein in milk ...

charged Na
ions. The result is a suspension of micelles in water. These micelles are large enough to scatter light, so a soap–wa ...

This is a condition (not related to colloids) in which an overgrowth of vegetation is caused by the high concentration of phosph ...

Key Terms 583 Key Terms The following terms were defined at the end of Chapter 3: con- centration, dilution, molarity, percent b ...

584 CHAPTER 14: Solutions Solid emulsion A colloidal dispersion of a liquid in a solid. Solid foam A colloidal dispersion of a g ...

Exercises 585 dilution)? (b) The hydration energy of Li
(g) is 544 kJ/mol at 25°C. What is the hydration energy for Br(g) at 2 ...

586 CHAPTER 14: Solutions *044.Answer Exercise 43 for the realsolution of acetone and chloroform. *045.A solution is prepared by ...

Exercises 587 Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression: Solutions of Electrolytes *063.What is ion association in s ...

588 CHAPTER 14: Solutions 0 *90.Many biological compounds are isolated and purified in very small amounts. We dissolve 11.0 mg o ...

Exercises 589 C. A solution is made by dissolving xgrams of A in 100 grams of C; another solution is made by dissolving the same ...

...

15 Chemical Thermodynamics ...

OUTLINE Heat Changes and Thermochemistry 15-1 The First Law of Thermodynamics 15-2 Some Thermodynamic Terms 15-3 Enthalpy Change ...

Some forms of energy are potential, kinetic, electrical, nuclear, heat, and light. 592 CHAPTER 15: Chemical Thermodynamics EE ne ...

the atomic or molecular level, we can think of each of these as either kinetic or potential energy. The chemical energy in a fue ...