The Foundations of Chemistry

Substituting these values into the Kbexpression for aqueous NH 3 gives Kb1.8 10 ^5 This suggests that (x3.2 10 ^3 )
x. S ...

We see that Ka1is much greater than Ka2and that Ka2is much greater than Ka3. This is generally true for polyprotic inorganicacid ...

We see that [HPO 42 ]Ka2and [H 3 O
]2nd[H 3 O
]1st. In general, in solutions of reasonable concentration of weak polyprotic ...

Phosphoric acid is a typical weakpolyprotic acid. Let us now describe solutions of sulfuric acid, a very strongpolyprotic acid. ...

SOLVOLYSIS Solvolysisis the reaction of a substance with the solvent in which it is dissolved. The solvolysis reactions that we ...

CH 3 COOH
H 2 O 34 H 3 O

CH 3 COO Hence, the CH 3 COOion is a stronger base than the NO 3 ion, but it is still weak. In dilu ...

more H 2 O to ionize, an excess of OHbuilds up. So the solution becomes basic. The net result of the preceding equations can be ...

Kb(CN)^1 4 . . 0 0   1 1 0 0   1 1 4  0  2.5^10  5 You should now work Exercises 78 and 80. EXAMPLE 18-19 Calculatio ...

CN
H 2 O 34 HCN
OH initial 0.10 M change due to rxn y M
y M
y M at equil (0.10y) M y M y M Kb [HC [C N N ][O ] H] 2 ...

Ammonium ions from NH 4 Cl react to some extent with OHto form nonionized NH 3 and H 2 O molecules. This reaction removes OHfr ...

CC Our Daily Lives HEMISTRY IN USE Taming Acids with Harmless Salts From yellowing paper in old books and newsprint to heart- bu ...

SALTS OF WEAK BASES AND WEAK ACIDS Salts of weak bases and weak acids are the fourth class of salts. Most are soluble. Salts of ...

acid. Consider ammonium fluoride, NH 4 F, the salt of aqueous ammonia and hydrofluoric acid. Kbfor aqueous NH 3 is 1.8 10 ^5 a ...

EXAMPLE 18-21 Percent Hydrolysis Calculate the pH and percent hydrolysis in 0.10 MAlCl 3 solution. Ka1.2 10 ^5 for [Al(OH 2 ) ...

786 CHAPTER 18: Ionic Equilibria I: Acids and Bases TABLE 18-10 Ionic Radii and Hydrolysis Constants for Some Cations Cation Ion ...

Exercises 787 Exercises NOTE All exercises in this chapter assume a temperature of 25°C unless they specify otherwise. All logar ...

788 CHAPTER 18: Ionic Equilibria I: Acids and Bases *028.Calculate the following values for each solution. Solution [H 3 O
] [OH ...

Exercises 789 *058.Because Kbis larger for triethylamine (C 2 H 5 ) 3 N(aq)
H 2 O(
) 34 (C 2 H 5 ) 3 NH

OH Kb5.2 10 ^4 than ...

790 CHAPTER 18: Ionic Equilibria I: Acids and Bases Salts of Strong Bases and Strong Acids *072.What determines whether the aque ...

Mixed Exercises *098.A solution of nitrous acid, HNO 2 , is 0.20 M. (a) Calcu- late the pH. (b) What is the concentration of the ...