The Foundations of Chemistry

we find the concentration of each ion in the newsolution. Now we ask the question “Couldany combination of the ions in this solu ...

Sinkholes are formed when the underlying limestone, mostly CaCO 3 , is dissolved away by acidic water. 20-3 Uses of Solubility P ...

Solution The equation for the reaction of interest and the Kspfor AgCl are AgCl(s) 34 Ag
(aq)
Cl(aq) and [Ag
][Cl]1.8 10 ^1 ...

[Ag
] 1.5 [I 1 ] 0 ^16  1 1 . . 5 0   1 1 0 0   1 3 6 1.5 10 ^13 M Therefore, AgI will begin to precipitate when ...

Solution (a) In Example 20-8 we found that AgBr begins to precipitate when [Ag
]3.3 10 ^10 M. This value for [Ag
] can be sub ...

precipitate next; 99.82% of the Brand 99.999917% of the Iprecipitate before any solid AgCl forms. This shows that we can separ ...

Example 20-11 shows how we can calculate the concentration of weak base that is required to initiate precipitation of an insolub ...

Plan These are the same compounds, in the same concentrations, that we used in Example 20-10. Because we know [Mg^2
], we must ...

DISSOLVING PRECIPITATES A precipitate dissolves when the concentrations of its ions are reduced so that Kspis no longer exceeded ...

Consider copper(II) sulfide, CuS, in equilibrium with its ions. This equilibrium lies far to the left. Removal of the S^2 or HS ...

decrease in the concentration of the hydrated metal ion shifts the solubility equilibrium to the right. Many copper(II) compound ...

Exercises 843 Key Terms Complex ions Ions resulting from the formation of coordinate covalent bonds between simple cations and o ...

844 CHAPTER 20: Ionic Equilibria III: The Solubility Product Principle *18.Barium sulfate is used to produce distinct X-rays of ...

Exercises 845 concentration of Pb^2
would be required to initiate pre- cipitation? (b) If solid lead nitrate were added to each ...

846 CHAPTER 20: Ionic Equilibria III: The Solubility Product Principle includes the same volume of solution but twice as much so ...

...

Electrochemistry 21 ...

OUTLINE 21-1 Electrical Conduction 21-2 Electrodes Electrolytic Cells 21-3 The Electrolysis of Molten Sodium Chloride (the Downs ...

Compare various voltaic cells to determine the relative strengths of oxidizing and reducing agents Interpret standard reduction ...

We will discuss several electrochemical cells. From experimental observations we deduce the electrode reactions and the overall ...