Comparative and Veterinary Pharmacology

purposes, the animal will also normally be sedated with an appropriate sedative or tranquillising drug (Dobromylskyj et al. 2000 ...

control of chronic pain following some surgeries (Cassuto et al. 1985 ; Doherty and Frazier 1998 ). 4.2 Opioids Drugs of the opi ...

The most common routes of administration of opioids are by injection, intra- muscular, subcutaneous or intravenous. In addition, ...

4.3 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs The use of NSAIDs, initially in the form of plant extracts (e.g. willow bark), for red ...

Understanding the mechanisms of action of NSAIDs has been facilitated by studies linking their pharmacokinetic properties to the ...

4.4 Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists The use of alpha 2 adrenergic agonists in domestic animals has led to a better understanding of ...

exerts effects on both the alpha 2A and alpha 2B subtypes, as well as having some alpha 1 agonist activity. It is widely used in ...

Most alpha 2 agonists exist as racemic mixtures, with most of the pharmacologi- cal activity associated with one enantiomer; dex ...

possesses NMDA receptor antagonist activity is ketamine, which, because of its psychogenic properties, is no longer used in huma ...

Blaupied TA, Clarke RJ, Johnson JW (2005) Amantadine inhibits NMDA receptors by accelerat- ing channel closure during channel bl ...

Ekstrom P, Short C, Gelmer T (1993) Electroencephalography of detomidine – ketamine – halothane and detomidine – ketamine – isof ...

Kohrs R, Durieux ME (1998) Ketamine: Teaching an old drug new tricks. Anaesth Analg 87:1186–1193 Kukanich B, Papich MG (2004) Ph ...

Machin KL (2005) Avian analgesia. Sem Avian Exot Pet Med 14:236–242 Mama KR, Pascoe PJ, Steffey EP (1992) Evaluation of the inte ...

Papich MG (2000) Pharmacologic consideration for opioid analgesic and non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs. Vet Clin North Am ...

Torske KE, Dyson DH (2000) Epidural analgesia and anesthesia. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 30:859–874 Tung AS, Yaksh TL (1 ...

New Technologies for Application to Veterinary Therapeutics Jim E. Riviere Contents 1 Introduction and Historical Background ... ...

through increases in our knowledge base, as well as more efficient drug develop- ment. Although this growth in technology porten ...

principles and methods upon which the discipline of modern pharmacology con- tinues to be based. What differs two centuries late ...

many drug candidates as an offshoot of human drug development. Direct adver- tising of products to pet owners in some countries ...

The occurrence of such episodic transforming events and their impact on diagnos- tic and therapeutic requirements cannot be pred ...