Comparative and Veterinary Pharmacology

programmes that results from diagnostic submissions may not reflect the resistance situation in the animal population, as these ...

Table 3 Global examples of how “resistance” has been defined Originator Context Resistance definition Reference National Antimic ...

Within a veterinary framework, Hendriksen et al. (2008a,2008b) surveyed resistance across Europe among bacterial pathogens and i ...

claim that the presumptive human health benefits of employing such an approach is unsubstantiated by meaningful clinical data (P ...

than it was in veterinary pathogens. Although pathogens isolated from both human and veterinary hosts appeared to have higher in ...

therapeutic outcome are difficult to assess in the absence of actual clinical data. Furthermore, plasma drug concentrations, the ...

conducted in a very homogeneous animal population under well-controlled labora- tory conditions versus the wider range of PK cha ...

the dose that would be calculated if it was based upon a well-controlled PK study where the %CV was 15%. The results of this exe ...

resistance mutations have a much larger effect on MPC than on MIC values (Zhao and Drlica 2008 ). An illustration of a MSW is pr ...

that are similar to those in humans. Using a hollow fibre system andS. aureus, Tam et al. ( 2007 ) demonstrated a positive conne ...

eradicate the remaining bacterial burden. Under such conditions, it is possible to use a dosing regimen without selecting for re ...

antimicrobial agent (Fig.3a, b). It can be seen that in the first case, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) distributio ...

In evaluating the PK/PD approach as a tool to predict the emergence of resis- tance, we should also be mindful of the impact of ...

of potential therapeutic agents. The classification of “susceptible” may not take full account of the ability of the antimicrobi ...

may be genetically identical, the individual cells can express a wide variety of traits, including differences in basic metaboli ...

those that disrupt bacterial cell membranes). They can repopulate the biofilm following discontinuation of therapy (del Pozo and ...

(Lewis 2007 ) and are largely responsible for the high tolerance of bacterial biofilms to antimicrobial drugs. Persister cells a ...

(Keren et al. 2004 ). Clinically, relevant examples of QS in veterinary medicine have been reviewed elsewhere (Boyen et al. 2009 ...

l Mammalian immune cells can inactivate the QS molecules for many Gram- positive bacteria. l Low pH can also inhibit the QS resp ...

(Shryock et al. 1998 ) and anti-inflammatory activity (Dalhoff and Shalit 2003 ) can play an important role in promoting a posit ...