Philosophy of Biology

Homology and Homoplasy 437 later, Mivart [1871] had withdrawn his opposition, cited Lankester’s homogeny and homoplasy favorably ...

438 Brian K. Hall of life, however, taxa possessing convergent features share an evolutionary his- tory, a history that includes ...

Homology and Homoplasy 439 that ancestry” we would now take as reflecting the presence of similar genetic and developmental mech ...

440 Brian K. Hall 1963]. Reversals are regarded in the literature as homoplastic because the most re- cent ancestor or closely r ...

Homology and Homoplasy 441 12 ATAVISMS Retention of developmental information is a means to maintain genetic diversity and retai ...

442 Brian K. Hall similar features resulting from independent evolution (homoplasy). Category 1, similarity due to common descen ...

Homology and Homoplasy 443 Box 1 Latent Homology Latent homology [de Beer, 1971] is used when a feature in an ancestral taxon ca ...

444 Brian K. Hall bSee Hall [1995a; 2002c; 2003a; 2003b; 2005c] and Stone and Hall [2004, and references therein] for coding and ...

Homology and Homoplasy 445 earlier stages of embryos from different groups of organisms are more alike than are later stages. (3 ...

446 Brian K. Hall embryology, as facilitating animal nomenclature, classification, and the study of comparative anatomy.Edinburg ...

Homology and Homoplasy 447 [de Beer, 1971] G. R. de Beer.Homology: an Unsolved Problem. Oxford Biology Reader No. 11, Oxford Uni ...

448 Brian K. Hall [Haeckel, 1876]E. Haeckel.The History of Creation: or, the development of the Earth and its Inhabitants by the ...

Homology and Homoplasy 449 [Hall, 2007b]B. K. Hall. Tapping Many Sources: The Adventitious Roots of Evo-Devo in the 19 thCentury ...

450 Brian K. Hall [Mayr, 1982] E. Mayr.The Growth of Biological Thought. Diversity, Evolution and Inheritance. The Belknap Press ...

Homology and Homoplasy 451 [Owen, 1949]R. Owen. textitOn the Nature of limbs. A Discourse delivered on Friday February 9, at an ...

452 Brian K. Hall [Serres, 1830]E. R. A. Serres. Anatomie transcendante – Quartri`eme mˆemoire: Loi de sym ́etrie et de conjugai ...

Homology and Homoplasy 453 [Wagner, 2000] P. J. Wagner. Exhaustion of morphologic character states among fossil taxa. Evolution, ...

BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTIONS OF RACE Robin O. Andreasen 1 INTRODUCTION Do human races exist or are human racial categories biologicall ...

456 Robin O. Andreasen typological and the geographical concepts. Both have a long history and both have been used for defining ...

Biological Conceptions of Race 457 divided into a small number of racial groups such that all of the members of each share certa ...