Lubricant Additives
124 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications Oxidation inhibitors, detergents, and dispersants make up the general class ...
Detergents 125 4.2 DETERGENT TYPES Detergents are the metal salts of organic acids. The acids normally used to synthesize these ...
126 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications (ash) on combustion, a formulator must know the metal content of a formulati ...
Detergents 127 To calculate the base number of monovalent metal-derived sulfonates, one must use only (w – v) in Equation 4.2. F ...
128 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications somewhat less-effi cient sulfonation but better oil solubility of the fi nal ...
Detergents 129 With naphthalene, however, steric factors are not as important because of its bicyclic nature. The alkyl groups a ...
130 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications alkenylphosphonic acids and partially hydrolyzed (contain residual sulfur) a ...
Detergents 131 Not all promoters are effective for all overbasing reactions, and one has to experiment to select the right promo ...
132 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications Various detergents derived from metal anions other than hydroxide and carbon ...
Detergents 133 FIGURE 4.9 Idealized structures of neutral salts (soaps). R SO 3 )xM R R SO 3 )xM R R R R O)xM Metal salt of alky ...
134 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications As mentioned, common metals that can be used to make neutral or basic deterg ...
Detergents 135 magnesium alkoxide. This reagent can be prepared by reacting magnesium metal with an excess of highly reactive al ...
136 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications All components of a lubricant—base oil, additives, and viscosity modifi er—o ...
Detergents 137 FIGURE 4.15 Synthesis of neutral and basic metal salicylates. OH COOK R OH C O M O C OH R R O O OH C O M O C OH R ...
138 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications impairing the proper functioning of the various equipment parts. The acidic ...
Detergents 139 Caterpillar 1K, 1M-PC, 1N, 1P, and IR engine tests. CRC L-38’s viscosity requirement, an impre- cise measure of a ...
140 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications Ali, W.R. Process for preparing overbased naphthenic micronutrient composit ...
Detergents 141 Asseff, P.A., T.W. Mastin, A. Rhodes. Methods of preparation of superbased salts. U.S. Patent 2,695,910, 11/30/5 ...
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143 5 Dispersants Syed Q. A. Rizvi CONTENTS 5.1 Introduction ................................................................... ...
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