A Critical History of Greek Philosophy
quantities in the world, and there is a common element in all the various pieces of iron, by virtue of which all are classed tog ...
space. He bisects it, and bends the two halves into an inner and an outer circle, these circles being destined to become the sph ...
is here used in the special and restricted sense of Plato. Not everything that we should call knowledge is recollection. The sen ...
truth is known without verification by experience. Having proved the proposition about the isosceles triangle, we do not go abou ...
ideas back to the mind. This process of being reminded is education. With this, of course, is connected the doctrine of {217} tr ...
(2) This theory destroys the distinction between good and evil. Since the good is whatever the individual pleases, and since the ...
it places the end of morality in happiness. Yet Plato was not a utilitarian, and would unhesitatingly have condemned the theory ...
others. The result is that Plato’ssummum bonumis not a single {223} end. It is a compound consisting of four parts. First, and c ...
tual companionship is absent from Plato’s view of marriage, the sole object of which, in his opinion, is the propagation of chil ...
heaven to earth. The end of the State is thus the virtue and happiness (not pleasure) of the citizens. And since this is only po ...
removed from the custody of their parents, and transferred to State nurseries. Since the parents are to have no {229} property n ...
to philosophy is even more evident. The end of all educa- tion is the knowledge of the Ideas, and every other subject, science, ...
philosophy have the same object, the {233} apprehension of the Absolute, or the Idea. Philosophy apprehends it as it is in itsel ...
is not a mere rule of thought but a metaphysical reality. This was the substance of the theory of Ideas. {235} Every philosophy ...
things. This is what we {237} mean by saying that the Ideas are a sufficient explanation of the existence of things. But there i ...
it has not its source in the Ideas or in anything outside itself, we must say that though Plato calls it absolute not- being, it ...
us something irrational. The problem can only be solved by showing us that somehow, in spite of appearances, it is rational that ...
self-contradictory. They ought to be so necessarily involved in reason that thought without them becomes impossible. Clearly thi ...
Ideas agree in, but all the rest falls outside it. Thus the Idea of whiteness is perfect in its kind. And as all Ideas are likew ...
exists is an individual thing. Again, he tells us that the Idea is outside time. But whatever exists must exist at some time. He ...
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