BioPHYSICAL chemistry
18.10Suppose that for every Na+transported from the inside to the exterior one K+is transported from the exterior to the interio ...
Imaging in cells and bodies Fluorescence has been used for many years to visualize cellular com- ponents. Originally, small orga ...
synthesis of the pigment from the polypeptide chain. Digestion of GFP showed that the cofactor is formed by cyclization of resid ...
protein as well as some bound water mole- cules (Figure 19.4). In some of the mutants, the amino acid residues that form the chr ...
most commonly used GFPs is enhanced GFP, which produces a larger amount of fluorescence due to an improvement in its quantum eff ...
CHAPTER 19 MOLECULAR IMAGING 409 A B 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 (a) 0.0 300 350 400 450 500 550 Absorbance Wavelength (nm) 0.2 0.4 0.6 ...
example, replacement of Tyr-66 with Leu results in a colorless variant that represents a trapped intermediate of the pathway. Th ...
In terms of experimental information, the rate can be expressed using a number of parameters. Most critical is the extent of the ...
overlap, quantum yield of the donor, and relative orientation of the dipole moments,κ^2 : r^60 ∝κ^2 (refractive index)−^4 ×(over ...
process continues, the entire cell will be photobleached. These techniques allow specific GFP to be identified and tracked in th ...
aided by fusing a GFP-like protein that fluoresces in the red to the cellular pro- teins that had been localized previously. The ...
Radioactive decay There are several different radioactive processes that certain isotopes of elements can undergo. To understand ...
of only 110 min and so the isotope must be generated at a cyclotron immediately prior to use. PET The technique of PET is an ima ...
occurring in the body. Once injected, the subject is then placed inside a detector and, after waiting for the probe to be transp ...
to therapeutics. Molecular imaging reveals biological processes and pro- vides a means to quantify the processes under physiolog ...
measured by use of the probe [^18 F]fluorodopa, which can be taken up by dopamine neurons and stored in their nerve terminals. P ...
19.9 What is the molecular interpretation of the pH dependence of the optical spectrum? 19.10 Explain how GFP is used in proteom ...
Photosynthesis is the biological process by which the energy of the sun is converted into energy-rich compounds that are used to ...
with various substitutents. Chlorophyll ais found in all eukaryotic photo- synthetic organisms. The structural difference betwee ...
Carotenoids are found in all known native photosynthetic organisms in hundreds of chemically distinct structures (Chapter 10). T ...
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