Biology of Disease

Analytical sensitivity The smallest quantity or concentra- tion of ananalytethat can be detected by an analyti- cal method. Comp ...

Bleeding time The period of time following wounding before the flow of blood stops (compare withclotting time). Body mass index ...

Cofactor proteins Those that bind tozymogensand their protease products and increase the specificity and speed of the activation ...

in the diet (seeessential fatty acids, compare with non-essential). Essential fatty acids Fatty acids that must be supplied in t ...

Hemoptysis Coughing up of blood-containing fluid from the lungs. Hernia The protrusion of an organ or tissue out of the body cav ...

Immunofluorescence A type ofimmunohistochemistry in which the antibody is labeled with a fluorescent dye. Immunogen Any molecule ...

Latent period The time when an illness is developing but overt signs and symptoms are not apparent. Lectins Glycoproteins that b ...

Mixed acid–base disorder The situation in which a patient presents with more than one acid–base disorder. Monoclonal antibody An ...

Ototoxicity The loss of hearing or balance, tinnitus or dizziness caused by drug or chemical damage to the inner ear. Overhydrat ...

Polyploidy The situation in which the chromosome number is an exact multiple of the haploid number but exceeds the diploid numbe ...

Rheumatoid factors (RFs) Autoantibodies present in the plasma of patients with rheumatoid arthritis which seem to be directed ag ...

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (see superantigens). Systole Contraction of the heart ventricles. T lymphocytes T ...

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& X]VeiZg&/ THE NATURE AND INVESTIGATION OF DISEASES 1.1 Introduction Disease can be defined as any abnormality or fail ...

between individuals are due to biological variation. Variation in values for measurable body features or biological substances ( ...

Some diseases increase the risk of developing others. Thus some conditions increase the risk of someone developing cancer and ar ...

Diseases have ‘natural histories’ that describe the typical patterns of how each disease usually progresses, its effects and its ...

be a feature of some diseases. Diseases may involve functional abnormalities such as an inappropriate secretion of hormones. Exa ...

1.3 Classification of Diseases Some diseases share common features and can be grouped together in a classification system. One w ...

Traumatic diseases are caused by physical injury and include mechanical trauma, extremes of heat or cold, electrical shock and r ...