Islamic Economics: A Short History

political fragmentation and cultural diversity 223 ingly, had very favourable effects. A brief discussion of these main movement ...

224 chapter six flalah-al-Dìn, at the outbreak of the Crusades, with a view to unit- ing the country, under his leadership, and ...

political fragmentation and cultural diversity 225 presided over Egypt, they came in direct rivalry and confrontation with them. ...

226 chapter six The Saffarìds, yet another Persian dynasty, founded by a head of a gang of outlaws, ruled all of Persia to the I ...

political fragmentation and cultural diversity 227 military power on the one hand, and the religious legitimacy of the caliphate ...

228 chapter six The Turkish Separatist Movement The influence of the Turks began when the Caliph al-Mùsta"sìm (833–842) surround ...

political fragmentation and cultural diversity 229 in Baghdad, and a fertile agriculture land, there were no strong ties between ...

230 chapter six 1963). This marked the influence of the Turkish Saljuqs, which was the beginning of the sweeping Turkish influen ...

political fragmentation and cultural diversity 231 The progress in intellectual development, or otherwise, seemed to have been b ...

232 chapter six the oldest surviving university was built by the Fatimids in 972, and Dar al-Hikmah, hall of wisdom or of scienc ...

political fragmentation and cultural diversity 233 us a fine legacy of writing on the subject. This has enriched the lit- eratur ...

234 chapter six As such, he was in favour of a strong caliphate and was against del- egating unlimited powers to the governors, ...

political fragmentation and cultural diversity 235 In al-Màwardì’s words, these objectives, as explained in his al- Aœkàm, are a ...

236 chapter six the contention, perhaps resentment, among Muslims, over the legit- imacy of political leadership, a contention t ...

political fragmentation and cultural diversity 237 public duties. Interestingly, the work on Œisbah was subsequently developed f ...

238 chapter six famous book, al-Aghanì, seemed to have acquired his name from the city of A›fahàn, as he lived between A›fahàn a ...

political fragmentation and cultural diversity 239 Man: his importance, functions and needs Production activities: importance o ...

240 chapter six duties would contribute towards satisfying spiritual needs further. Included in the spiritual needs, in terms of ...

political fragmentation and cultural diversity 241 accordance with God’s rules and commands through the guidance of the Sharì"ah ...

242 chapter six He stated that if voluntary unemployment, as advocated by the flùfìs, is regarded as an injustice to society, th ...