Islamic Economics: A Short History

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ISLAMIC ECONOMICS ...

THEMES IN ISLAMIC STUDIES A (new) Brill Series including short histories and concise surveys of appealing themes in the field of ...

ISLAMIC ECONOMICS A SHORT HISTORY BY AHMED A.F. EL-ASHKER AND RODNEY WILSON LEIDEN•BOSTON 2006 ...

This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data El-Ashker, Ahmed Abdel-Fattah, 1943- ...

To the memory of our fathers. ...

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CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................ xi Acknowledgement ... ...

viii contents Chapter Four The Dynastic Caliphates: The Umayyads and the Reforms (661 A.C.–750 A.C.) ........................... ...

contents ix ...

The Collapse and Restoration of the Caliphate Intellectual Diversity 972–1058 A.C.) Abùal-Hasan al-Màwardì(364–450 A.H., al-Aœk ...

PREFACE Comparing the often sorry reality of the present day Islamic World with the Islamic World of yesterday with its many ach ...

xii preface the Umayyads and the Abbasids, and the administrative and eco- nomic reforms in the early powerful periods of these ...

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are very grateful to many people and institutions for the valu- able help we have received, without which the ...

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TRANSLITERATION OF ARABIC LETTERS Vowels à a,Ua ù Y u ì ˆ ‘ ∂ ‘ ̆(end of word) Consonants a ̆,A › v b b dh w p p ̨,≈ ; t ≤,t ≥? ...

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CHAPTER ONE PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIA POETRY, TRIBAL RIVALRY AND HEROISM (800 B.C.–610 A.C.) Introduction Despite the difficulty that s ...

2 chapter one version of the word “Arabah” that carries a similar Hebraic mean- ing: the desert plain. (Deuteronomy 3:7, Joshua ...