A Short History of China and Southeast Asia
cracking of whips announced the arrival of the emperor. Officials in order of precedence made their triple obeisance before the ...
Pattani. Cambodia fell into the same category, once its status had been reduced to a vassal jointly of Siam and Vietnam. Much of ...
China trade remained firmly in the hands of Chinese merchants, whose extensive trading networks and busy fleets supplied all the ...
tributaries, Burma from 1766 to 1769 and Vietnam in 1789, both ended in bruising defeat. Both attempts can be seen, therefore, a ...
the opportunity presented itself to reassert Chinese hegemony on the pretext of restoring peace and order. A large Chinese army ...
Challenges to the Chinese world order Apart from the Russians, only two eighteenth-century European mis- sions were received at ...
in the rather informal setting of a great tent in the grounds of the summer palace at Chengde. Ceremonial protocol had been brea ...
In the following years, European nations strengthened their grip on the Nanyang. Singapore was founded as a British settlement i ...
some Western assistance. The Taiping rebellion was finally crushed in 1864, but the devastation led thousands to seek new opport ...
after China recognised the Nguyen dynasty that came to power after the Tayson were defeated in 1802), Siam, Luang Phrabang, and ...
he sent a mission to China offering to resume diplomatic relations, but only on a basis of formal equality. This was rejected by ...
Security was also a Chinese concern. When a small French mili- tary force seized Hanoi in April 1882, China reacted with vigour. ...
belief that their possession would open up opportunities for trade with the interior of China. At first it was hoped to use the ...
Enter the Europeans who returned to China were at the mercy of local officials. Even mer- chants who had stayed away longer than ...
into the expertise of overseas Chinese entrepreneurs who had learned how to operate in the world of international capitalism, in ...
The colonial powers, Britain, France and Holland, were not entirely at ease over the rapid development of Qing relations with th ...
number of Chinese immigrants was greatest, and where they came to constitute the highest percentage of the total population. In ...
Enter the Europeans colonised—and Siam had long since repudiated its tributary relation- ship with China. Just as China’s relati ...
7 The changing world order The tenacity with which the Qing regime, even in terminal decline, clung to the façade of its tributa ...
carved up the world into competing empires, and seemed intent on carving up China too. No wonder the regime struggled desperatel ...
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