A Short History of China and Southeast Asia
mandalarelationship between polities, with its emphasis on contin- gency and flexibility. Theravada Buddhist kings took particul ...
either Buddhism or Hinduism, less prepared to make room for them in a comprehensive worldview. Beyond the ummatstood the unbelie ...
A Short History of China and Southeast Asia hegemonic dominance within a sinocentric world order was as satisfy- ing to Chinese ...
5 Sea power, tribute and trade In 1368 the Ming replaced the Yuan dynasty, thereby returning China to Han Chinese rule. The new ...
them of the change of dynasty and summoning their rulers to acknow- ledge the new Son of Heaven. In return they were offered for ...
had changed.^3 This was thanks to the Mongols. Whereas the Tang and Song dynasties had, for the most part, relied upon the power ...
lavish, Hongwu told Vietnam, and should not be a burden: the inten- tion was what counted. The symbolism of ritual submission to ...
some larger kingdoms attempted to increase trade by dispatching missions more frequently. Srivijaya, for example, sent six missi ...
Chinese foreign policy under the Ming, as reflected in the new regulations on tribute and trade, obviously cannot be understood ...
Yunnan into the empire, on the pretext that the presence in Kunming of a Mongol prince posed a threat to the dynasty. A force of ...
The second great Ming emperor, Yongle (reigned 1402–1424), only succeeded in gaining the throne after three years of civil war, ...
superintendents’, with the status of Chinese ministers. All conducted their official relations with China via Yunnan. None of th ...
the legitimate Tran dynasty and so restore harmony and well-being to the country and the region. Despite assuring the Vietnamese ...
(^) (^) (^) (^) (^) (^) (^) (^) (^) (^) (^) (^) (^) (^) (^) (^) (^) (^) (^) Zheng He’s voyages, early fifteenth century CE. ...
years far beyond China’s shores. Just the bare outline of these seven voyages is impressive enough.^12 The first expedition of 1 ...
and Nicobar Islands and Bengal. The furthest of these subsidiary voyages was to Mecca, the most distant place to send an envoy t ...
These Ming voyages have attracted considerable scholarly interest, as much for their unexploited potential as for their impor- t ...
thousands of copies of Chinese texts to be distributed to local rulers for their edification. There was, in other words, a power ...
The ambiguity of official Chinese relations with overseas Chinese is well illustrated by the case of Srivijaya, centred on Palem ...
intervene in local affairs, and Chinese power would be used where Chinese interests were at stake. China’s readiness to use forc ...
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