0195136047.pdf

454 AC POWER SYSTEMS concerns seem to demand inherently safe reactor designs with standardized, modular construction of nuclear ...

10.2 SINGLE- AND THREE-PHASE SYSTEMS 455 New primary resources (such as nuclear fusion and solar energy) for electric bulk powe ...

456 AC POWER SYSTEMS PF=P/S=cosθ (10.2.2) whereθ=tan−^1 Q/P. Inductive loads cause current to lag voltage and are referred to as ...

10.2 SINGLE- AND THREE-PHASE SYSTEMS 457 Quadrant II Quadrant I Quadrant III Quadrant IV V I (positive) (leading) θ Reference (a ...

458 AC POWER SYSTEMS in whichθPis the phase angle between the voltage and the current of any particular phase, and cosθPis the p ...

10.2 SINGLE- AND THREE-PHASE SYSTEMS 459 (a) The line current of the motor, before the addition of the capacitor bank, is IM= S ...

460 AC POWER SYSTEMS XC= 2202 3. 04 × 103 = 15. 92  Hence, C= 1 2 π× 60 × 15. 92 = 166. 6 μF Note thatZ = 3 ZY(see Figure 4.2.1 ...

10.3 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 461 feeders, distribution transformers, secondary distribution circuits, and customers’ ...

462 AC POWER SYSTEMS ( ) Figure 10.3.3Single-phase, three-wire residential wiring circuit. Power-System Loads Figure 10.3.4 repr ...

10.3 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 463 G 1 G 2 To bus 6 To bus 7 Bus numbering 2 5 1 4 L 6 L 1 L 7 L 2 L 3 L 4 L 5 3 Load ...

464 AC POWER SYSTEMS TABLE 10.3.1Load-Bus Data Quantity Symbol Value Voltage V 115 kV Current I 1kA Apparent power S 220 MVA Rea ...

10.3 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 465 of the system is underutilized. Utilities often define load periods in terms ofon-p ...

466 AC POWER SYSTEMS η= 9 9. 75 × 100 = 92 .3% TLVR= VRNL−VRFL VRFL × 100 = 38. 1 − 33 33 × 100 = 15 .45% Note: If there were no ...

10.5 PRACTICAL APPLICATION: A CASE STUDY 467 10.5.1). This plant is part of the Ontario Hydro-Electric System on the Niagara Riv ...

468 AC POWER SYSTEMS controls. Pumped storage plants, which represent a large reserve that can be put into operation on short no ...

PROBLEMS 469 10.2.8A balanced three-phase, wye-connected, 2400- V, 60-Hz source supplies two balanced wye- connected loads in pa ...

470 AC POWER SYSTEMS IR + − + − VS = VS ∠δ VR = VR ∠^0 ° IS Z = jX Figure P10.3.1Simple model of loss- less transmission line. I ...

11 Magnetic Circuits and Transformers 11.1 Magnetic Materials 11.2 Magnetic Circuits 11.3 Transformer Equivalent Circuits 11.4 T ...

472 MAGNETIC CIRCUITS AND TRANSFORMERS 11.1 MAGNETIC MATERIALS For magnetic material media, themagnetic flux density B, expresse ...

11.1 MAGNETIC MATERIALS 473 H,At/m 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 B,T Vanadium permendur Deltamax Ingot iron 48 NI M-19 48 NI Permall ...