Organic Chemistry

Section 16.7 Additional Considerations Regarding Substituent Effects 641 Fortunately, the difference in the physical properties ...

642 CHAPTER 16 Reactions of Substituted Benzenes Aniline and N-substituted anilines also do not undergo Friedel–Crafts reactions ...

Section 16.8 Designing a Synthesis III: Synthesis of Monosubstituted and Disubstituted Benzenes 643 Which route we choose depend ...

644 CHAPTER 16 Reactions of Substituted Benzenes In the synthesis of meta-chlorobenzoic acid, the methyl group is oxidized befor ...

Notice that three positions are activated in the following reaction, but the new sub- stituent ends up on only two of the three ...

646 CHAPTER 16 Reactions of Substituted Benzenes Heating in dilute acid removes the sulfonic acid group (Section 15.12). Using a ...

Section 16.10 Synthesis of Substituted Benzenes Using Arenediazonium Salts 647 KCl and KBr cannot be used in place of CuCl and C ...

648 CHAPTER 16 Reactions of Substituted Benzenes PROBLEM 21 Explain why HBr should be used to generate the benzenediazonium salt ...

PROBLEM 22 Write the sequence of steps involved in the conversion of benzene into benzenediazonium chloride. PROBLEM 23 SOLVED S ...

650 CHAPTER 16 Reactions of Substituted Benzenes However, if the para position is blocked, substitution will occur at an ortho p ...

Section 16.12 Mechanism for the Reaction of Amines with Nitrous Acid 651 PROBLEM 25 Give the structure of the activated benzene ...

652 CHAPTER 16 Reactions of Substituted Benzenes Remember that reactions in which arenediazonium ions are involved must be carri ...

Section 16.13 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions 653 NITROSAMINES AND CANCER A 1962 outbreak of food poisoning in shee ...

654 CHAPTER 16 Reactions of Substituted Benzenes Electron-withdrawing substituents increase the reactivity of the benzene ring t ...

Section 16.14 Benzyne 655 Martin D. Kamen (1913–2002)was born in Toronto. He was the first to isolate which immediately became t ...

656 CHAPTER 16 Reactions of Substituted Benzenes a. RCCR b. Figure 16.4N good overlap poor overlap Orbital pictures of the bond ...

Section 16.16 Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Naphthalene and Substituted Naphthalenes 657 A synthesis employing a benzy ...

658 CHAPTER 16 Reactions of Substituted Benzenes Also like benzene, naphthalene undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution re ...

Section 16.16 Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Naphthalene and Substituted Naphthalenes 659 irreversible (mild reaction c ...

660 CHAPTER 16 Reactions of Substituted Benzenes Summary Benzene rings with substituents other than halo, nitro, sulfonic acid, ...