Organic Chemistry

Summary of Reactions 661 Reactions of amines with nitrous acid (Section 16.12) Replacement of a diazonium group (Section 16.10) ...

662 CHAPTER 16 Reactions of Substituted Benzenes Formation of an azo compound (Section 16.11) Nucleophilic aromatic substitutio ...

Problems 663 Problems Draw the structure of each of the following compounds: a. m-ethylphenol d. o-bromoaniline g. o-nitroanis ...

664 CHAPTER 16 Reactions of Substituted Benzenes The values of a few ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted benzoic acids are show ...

b. the one that would be the least reactive in an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction c. the one that would yield the h ...

666 CHAPTER 16 Reactions of Substituted Benzenes e. g. i. k. f. h. j. l. Show how the following compounds could be synthesized ...

Problems 667 When heated with an acidic solution of sodium dichromate, compound A forms benzoic acid. Identify compound A from ...

668 CHAPTER 16 Reactions of Substituted Benzenes How could you distinguish among the following compounds, using a. their infra ...

669 The three chaptersin Part Six focus on the reactions of compounds that contain a carbonyl group. Carbonyl compounds can be p ...

Penicillin G T he carbonyl group—a carbon double bonded to an oxygen—is probably the most important functional group found in or ...

Section 17.1 Nomenclature 671 Class II carbonyl compounds are those in which the acyl group is attached to a group that cannotbe ...

672 CHAPTER 17 Carbonyl Compounds I Carboxylic acids containing six or fewer carbons are frequently called by their com- mon nam ...

Section 17.1 Nomenclature 673 Take a careful look at the following examples to make sure that you understand the difference betw ...

674 CHAPTER 17 Carbonyl Compounds I Esters An esteris a compound that has an group in place of the OH group of a carboxylic acid ...

Section 17.1 Nomenclature 675 Amides An amidehas an NHR, or group in place of the OH group of a carboxylic acid. Amides are name ...

676 CHAPTER 17 Carbonyl Compounds I PROBLEM 2 Name the following compounds: a. d. g. b. e. h. c. f. i. PROBLEM 3 Write a struct ...

Section 17.3 Physical Properties of Carbonyl Compounds 677 Esters, carboxylic acids, and amides each have two major resonance co ...

678 CHAPTER 17 Carbonyl Compounds I The boiling points of the ester, acyl chloride, ketone, and aldehyde are lower than the boil ...

compound responsible for the burning sensation felt in muscles during anaerobic exer- cise, and it is also found in sour milk. S ...

680 CHAPTER 17 Carbonyl Compounds I DALMATIANS: DON’T TRY TO FOOL MOTHER NATURE When amino acids are metabolized, the excess ni- ...