Organic Chemistry

D-glucose -D-glucose B ioorganic compoundsare organic compounds found in biological sys- tems. Bioorganic compounds follow the ...

922 CHAPTER 22 Carbohydrates polyhydroxy ketones (Section 22.17). The chemical structures of carbohydrates are commonly represen ...

Section 22.2 The Dand LNotation 923 A monosaccharidecan be a polyhydroxy aldehyde such as D-glucose or a polyhydroxy ketone such ...

The notations Dand Lare used to describe the configurations of carbohydrates and amino acids (Section 23.2), so it is important ...

Section 22.3 Configurations of Aldoses 925 Movie: Configurations of the D-aldoses Aldopentoses have three asymmetric carbons and ...

926 CHAPTER 22 Carbohydrates D-Galactose is the C-4 epimer of D-glucose. D-Glucose,D-mannose, and D-galactose are the most commo ...

Section 22.5 Redox Reactions of Monosaccharides 927 D-erythrulose D-ribulose D-psicose D-fructose D-sorbose D-tagatose D-xylulos ...

928 CHAPTER 22 Carbohydrates PROBLEM 9 What products are obtained from the reduction of a.D-idose? b.D-sorbose? PROBLEM 10 a. ...

Section 22.6 Osazone Formation 929 PROBLEM 11 Write the mechanism for the base-catalyzed conversion of D-fructose into D-glucose ...

930 CHAPTER 22 Carbohydrates MEASURING THE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS OF DIABETICS Glucose reacts with an group of hemoglobin to form ...

Section 22.8 Chain Shortening: The Ruff Degradation 931 Heinrich Kiliani (1855–1945)was born in Germany. He received a Ph.D. fro ...

932 CHAPTER 22 Carbohydrates The calcium salt of the aldonic acid necessary for the Ruff degradation is easily ob- tained by oxi ...

and have to be one of the following pairs: sugars 1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, or 7 and 8. and are both oxidized by nitric acid t ...

934 CHAPTER 22 Carbohydrates GLUCOSE/DEXTROSE André Dumas first used the term “glucose”in 1838 to refer to the sweet compound th ...

O O pyran furan Section 22.10 Cyclic Structure of Monosaccharides: Hemiacetal Formation 935 the left, the hemiacetal is -D-gluco ...

936 CHAPTER 22 Carbohydrates The Haworth projection of a D-furanose is viewed edge on, with the ring oxygen away from the viewer ...

Section 22.11 Stability of Glucose 937 The -position is to the right in a Fischer projection, down in a Haworth projection, and ...

938 CHAPTER 22 Carbohydrates Why is there more -D-glucose than -D-glucose in an aqueous solution at equilibri- um? The OH group ...

Section 22.13 Formation of Glycosides 939 22.12 Acylation and Alkylation of Monosaccharides The OH groups of monosaccharides sho ...

940 CHAPTER 22 Carbohydrates Surprisingly,D-glucose forms more of the than the The rea- son for this is explained in the next se ...