Organic Chemistry

Section 21.9 Aromatic Five-Membered-Ring Heterocycles 901 delocalization. (Recall that the more stable the base, the stronger is ...

21.10 Aromatic Six-Membered-Ring Heterocycles Pyridine When one of the carbons of a benzene ring is replaced by a nitrogen, the ...

benzene pyridine Section 21.10 Aromatic Six-Membered-Ring Heterocycles 903 SOLUTION An amide will notbe formed because the posit ...

904 CHAPTER 21 More About Amines • Heterocyclic Compounds N H Y H Y H + Y 2-position least stable least stable N + N + N H Y H Y ...

If the leaving groups at C-2 and C-4 are different, the incoming nucleophile will preferentially substitute for the weaker base ...

906 CHAPTER 21 More About Amines • Heterocyclic Compounds Substituted pyridines undergo many of the side-chain reactions that su ...

Section 21.11 Biologically Important Heterocycles 907 3-D Molecules: Quinoline; Isoquinoline PROBLEM 21 Rank the following comp ...

908 CHAPTER 21 More About Amines • Heterocyclic Compounds The resonance energy of imidazole is significantly less than the reson ...

Section 21.11 Biologically Important Heterocycles 909 PROBLEM 24 Imidazole boils at 257°C, whereas N-methylimidazole boils at 1 ...

910 CHAPTER 21 More About Amines • Heterocyclic Compounds more tightly than to Consequently, breathing carbon monoxide can be fa ...

Section 21.11 Biologically Important Heterocycles 911 3-D Molecule: Chlorophyll a The ring system in chlorophyll a, the substanc ...

912 CHAPTER 21 More About Amines • Heterocyclic Compounds Summary Amines are compounds in which one or more of the hydro- gens o ...

Summary of Reactions 913 b.In acylation reactions: c.In nucleophilic addition–elimination reactions: i Reaction of a primary ami ...

914 CHAPTER 21 More About Amines • Heterocyclic Compounds Synthesis of amines (Section 21.8). a. Gabriel synthesis of primary a ...

Problems 915 b.Pyridine (Section 21.10): Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions of pyridine (Section 21.10). NNCl NH 2 N ...

916 CHAPTER 21 More About Amines • Heterocyclic Compounds g. h. i. List the following compounds in order of decreasing acidity: ...

Problems 917 Explain why pyrrole is a much stronger acid than ammonia Propose a mechanism for the following reaction: Quinoline ...

918 CHAPTER 21 More About Amines • Heterocyclic Compounds a. Draw resonance contributors to show why pyridine-N-oxide is more r ...

919 Chapters 22 through 27 discuss the chemistry of organic compounds found in biological systems. Many of these com- pounds are ...

vitamins are necessary for many of the organic reactions that occur in biological systems. Chapter 26discusses the chemistry of ...