Organic Chemistry

Section 23.1 Classification and Nomenclature of Amino Acids 961 Sulfur-containing amino acids Cysteine Cys C 2.8% Methionine* Me ...

Heterocyclic amino acids (continued) Histidine* His H 2.1% Tryptophan* Trp W 1.1% *Essential amino acids O +NH 3 CH 2 CHCO− N H ...

N H indole Section 23.1 Classification and Nomenclature of Amino Acids 963 Two amino acids—phenylalanine and tyrosine—contain be ...

964 CHAPTER 23 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 23.2 Configuration of Amino Acids The of all the naturally occurring amino ac ...

Section 23.3 Acid–Base Properties of Amino Acids 965 Recall from the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation (Section 1.20) that the acid ...

966 CHAPTER 23 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins on one atom and a positive charge on a nonadjacent atom. (The name comes from ...

Section 23.4 The Isoelectric Point 967 Recall from the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation that when , half the group is in its acidi ...

968 CHAPTER 23 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 23.5 Separation of Amino Acids Electrophoresis A mixture of amino acids can b ...

Section 23.5 Separation of Amino Acids 969 Chromatography Leu Ala Glu most polar amino acid least polar amino acid origin >Fi ...

970 CHAPTER 23 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins WATER SOFTENERS: EXAMPLES OF CATION- EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY Water softeners ...

Section 23.5 Separation of Amino Acids 971 Fractions sequentially collected >Figure 23.4 Separation of amino acids by ion-exc ...

972 CHAPTER 23 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 23.6 Resolution of Racemic Mixtures of Amino Acids Chemists do not have to re ...

Section 23.7 Peptide Bonds and Disulfide Bonds 973 Biological organisms can also convert acids into amino acids, but because and ...

974 CHAPTER 23 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins cis configuration, so the of adjacent amino acids are trans to each other (Se ...

Section 23.7 Peptide Bonds and Disulfide Bonds 975 oxidation reduction polypeptide disulfide bridges cross-linking portions of a ...

ornithine H 3 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CHCO− O + +NH 3 L-Val L-Val L-Pro L-Orn L-Phe L-Leu L-Leu D-Phe D-Orn L-Pro gramicidin S 976 CHAPT ...

Section 23.9 Strategy of Peptide Bond Synthesis: N-Protection and C-Activation 977 3-D Molecules: Glutathione; Oxidized glutathi ...

978 CHAPTER 23 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins carboxyl group of glycine in preference to reacting with a nonactivated carbo ...

Section 23.9 Strategy of Peptide Bond Synthesis: N-Protection and C-Activation 979 group) because the bonding electrons are delo ...

980 CHAPTER 23 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins Theoretically, one should be able to make as long a peptide as desired with t ...