Spanish: An Essential Grammar

There are also several verbs that take de+ adjective, to indicate a condi- tion or characteristic: Las dos presumían de guapas. ...

La ciudad antigua está dentro de las murallas. The ancient city is within the walls. El avión llega dentro de media hora. The pl ...

Alguien esperaba tras la Someone was waiting behind the cortina. curtain. Trasis regularly found to express ‘after’ in the form ...

Note: In Latin America en after verbs such as entrar,ingresar, penetrar is often replaced bya: Entró al cine [LA] ‘She went into ...

Both of them may also be used figuratively in the sense of ‘over and above’, ‘in addition to’, ‘as well as’: Encima de todo crit ...

el hotel enfrente de la the hotel in front of the station estación frente al museo opposite the museum Frente ais used additiona ...

Esperan que salga el tren hacia las cuatro. They hope the train will leave around 4 o’clock. ¿Dónde está Baena? Está hacia Grana ...

según afirman algunos científicos according to what some scientists state Before other verbs it is used to imply mientrasor a me ...

Cuandoand dondeused as prepositions These normally function as relative adverbs (see 25.6.2). However, in everyday Spanish they ...

The challenge for the English speaker learning to use these prepositions correctly is that although they might appear to resembl ...

Uses of por (a) Porindicates the agent ‘by whom’ or ‘by which’ an action is initiated, thereby introducing the agent or ‘doer’ i ...

(e) Porrefers to imprecise locations and times, corresponding sometimes to English ‘around’: Está por ahí. It’s around somewhere ...

(l) Porafter verbs of movement states the objective of the action: Ha ido por pan. He has gone for some bread. Vinieron por la t ...

pected in the light of the rest of the sentence. The English may be simply ‘for’, or ‘although’, ‘in spite of’, ‘despite’, ‘cons ...

Numerals occur in four forms: cardinalswhich count (‘one’, ‘two’, ‘three’), ordinalswhich refer to sequence (‘first’, ‘second’, ...

1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 Cardinal numerals 239 T ...

Uno (a) This agrees in gender with a following noun: una manzana one apple treinta y una thirty-one páginas pages Note: Regular ...

Ciento Cientois shortened to cienbefore any noun (including any preceding adjec- tive) and before mil, but not before numbers le ...

Uses of cardinal numbers Time of day Hours are expressed in the form ser(when a verb is required) + la or las (to agree with the ...

Spanish also uses the formula equivalent to English ‘six forty three (6.43)’, las seis cuarenta y tres. This is also adopted for ...