Vertebrate Development Maternal to Zygotic Control (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology)

254 BMP-mediated transcriptional regulation is controlled by the formation of phos- phorylated Smad1/Smad4 complexes and subsequ ...

255 evolutionarily maintained, as this relationship exists as reciprocal repression of EVX1 (activated by BMP signaling) and GSC ...

256 but accumulating molecular evidence supports a modified version of the Nieuwkoop model (Fig. 6.12b and c). This support is b ...

257 6.5.1 Cellular and Tissue Basis of Anteroposterior Patterning 6.5.1.1 The Hypoblast/Anterior Visceral Endoderm in Anterior P ...

258 Despite this requirement for anterior development, several experiments have revealed that the hypoblast and related tissues ...

259 Recent experiments have identified considerable complexity in the control of AVE specification and migration. Gain-of-functi ...

260 Lefty1-expressing primary AVE arises asymmetrically within the primitive endo- derm (E4.0–5.0; Takaoka et al. 2006 ; Torres- ...

261 6.5.2 Molecular Regulation of Anteroposterior Patterning 6.5.2.1 Nodal and Wnt Antagonists as Regulators of Anterior Pattern ...

262 6.5.2.2 Self-Regulation of Nodal and Wnt Signaling During Anterior Patterning As is the case for BMP signaling/antagonism an ...

263 Nodal and BMP signaling also interact at several different levels. Nodal and certain BMPs can form inactive heterodimeric li ...

264 activity can be seen in Xenopus embryos as a gradient of nuclear beta-catenin in the prospective neural plate of the gastrul ...

265 6.6 Axial Morphogenesis The physical form of the vertebrate axis is brought about during gastrulation. During this process, ...

266 initial invagination at the blastopore (Keller and Shook 2004 ). Extension of this cavity during gastrulation creates the ar ...

267 Xenopus, but has several important distinctions. Mesoderm is derived from the sur- face layer in urodeles (Vogt 1929 ). Axia ...

268 teleost-specific population of epiblast cells, the dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs) detach and migrate vegetally ahead of the ...

269 embryos however appear to have separately evolved ingression as the main mode of internalization, although dorsal lip involu ...

270 blocking mesoderm formation. Additionally, mutation or inhibition of wnt11 func- tion in fish and frogs indicated that Wnt/P ...

271 mediated by Dact1 (Dishevelled-binding antagonist of beta-catenin 1; Suriben et al. 2009 ). Thus, whereas mice may exhibit a ...

272 6.7 Concluding Remarks The overall conservation of axial patterning mechanisms in vertebrates has long been recognized. Howe ...

273 This pattern exists throughout the anamniotes (icthyopsids) and the reptiles and is initially established by cortical rotati ...