Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology
Hans Zachau in Cologne, came the isolation and determination of the sequence of three transfer RNAs (tRNA) ‘adapter’ molecules t ...
The other scientist has already been mentioned in connection with the elucidation of the genetic code. Not long after his post-d ...
industry and synthetic genes became routinely used in the production of proteins. Further, oligodeoxyri- bonucleotides, the shor ...
to occupy biologists well into the twenty-first century. A recent technical advance here is the development of microarraysof syn ...
R. Olby, The Path to the Double Helix. Macmillan, London, 1973. J.D. Watson and F.H.C. Crick, A structure for deoxyribose nucle ...
CHAPTER 2 DNA and RNA Structure CONTENTS 2.1 Structures of Components 14 2.1.1 Nucleosides and Nucleotides 14 2.1.2 Physical Pro ...
2.1 Structures of Components Nucleic acids are very long, thread-like polymers, made up of a linear array of monomers callednucl ...
monoesters on the same sugar are called nucleoside bisphosphateswhereas nucleoside monoesters of pyrophosphoric acid are nucleos ...
In the most abbreviated nomenclature currently employed, pNstands for 5-nucleotide, Npfor a 3 -nucleotide and dNpfor a 3-deox ...
2.1.2.3 Hydrogen Bonding. The mutual recognition of A by T and of C by G uses hydrogen bonds to establish the fidelity of DNA tr ...
bonds for both the AT and the CG base pairs. As a result of this isomorphous geometry, the four base pair combinations AT, T ...
Base pairings of these and other non-Watson–Crick patterns is significant in three structural situations. First, the compact str ...
(7.6 to 8.3 with C5–H close to 5.9). The anomeric hydrogen is a doublet for ribonucleosides and a double-doublet for 2-deoxy ...
with C2-endo), and (3) the formation of an intra-strand hydrogen bond from O-2in one RNA residue to O-4in the next which favo ...
oligomers such as d(CpGpCpG) and in Z-DNA. Theoretical calculations suggest that this effect comes from a favourable electrostat ...
electronlone pair with either phosphorus d orbitals or, more likely, with the PO anti-bonding orbital. The interaction has bee ...
2.2 Standard DNA Structures Structural studies on DNA began with the nature of the primary structure of DNA. The classical analy ...
favoured form is the highly crystalline A-DNAwhereas at high humidity(and low salt) the dominant struc- ture is B-DNA. We now re ...
26 Chapter 2 Figure 2.17 Van der Waals representation of 10 bp of B-form DNA. The view is across the major (top) and minor groov ...
DNA and RNA Structure 27 2.2.3 A-DNA Among the first synthetic oligonucleotides to be crystallised in the late 1970s were d(GGTA ...
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