Human Physiology, 14th edition (2016)

338 Chapter 11 Exogenous glucocorticoids (taken as pills, injections, sprays, and topical creams) are used medically to suppress ...

Endocrine Glands 339 The adrenal medulla is innervated by preganglionic sympa- thetic axons and secretes its hormones whenever t ...

340 Chapter 11 (structures of the limbic system; chapter 8, section 8.2). These higher brain regions influence stress responses ...

Endocrine Glands 341 The thyroid gland is located just below the larynx ( fig. 11.21 ). Its two lobes are positioned on either s ...

342 Chapter 11 earlier in this chapter. Through the activation of genes, thyroid hormones stimulate protein synthesis, promote m ...

Endocrine Glands 343 Because of its stimulation of protein synthesis, children need thyroxine for body growth and, most importan ...

344 Chapter 11 CLINICAL APPLICATION Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder (caused by the person’s own immune system; chapter ...

Endocrine Glands 345 11.6 Pancreas and Other Endocrine Glands The pancreatic islets secrete two hormones, insulin and glu- cagon ...

346 Chapter 11 Pineal Gland The small, cone-shaped pineal gland is located in the roof of the third ventricle of the diencephalo ...

Endocrine Glands 347 encapsulated by the meninges covering the brain. The pineal gland of a child weighs about 0.2 g and is 5 to ...

348 Chapter 11 The pineal gland has been implicated in a variety of physi- ological processes. One of the most widely studied is ...

Endocrine Glands 349 Gastrointestinal Tract The stomach and small intestine secrete a number of hor- mones that act on the gastr ...

350 Chapter 11 Thus far in this text, two types of regulatory molecules have been considered—neurotransmitters in chapter 7 and ...

Endocrine Glands 351 section 13.7). In addition, endothelin-1 is produced by the epithe- lium of the airways and may be importan ...

352 Chapter 11 Reproductive system. Prostaglandins may play a role in ovulation and corpus luteum function in the ovaries and i ...

Endocrine Glands 353 | CHECKPOINT 15a. Explain the nature of autocrine regulation. How does it differ from regulation by hormone ...

354 Interactions Integumentary System The skin helps protect the body from pathogens (p. 494) The skin produces vitamin D 3 , w ...

Endocrine Glands 355 Summary 3 Pituitary Gland 331 A. The pituitary gland secretes eight hormones. The anterior pituitary secre ...

356 Chapter 11 D. The gonads secrete sex steroid hormones. 1. Leydig cells in the interstitial tissue of the testes secrete test ...

Endocrine Glands 357 Distinguish between endocrine and autocrine/paracrine regulation. List some of these autocrine/paracrine r ...