Evolution, 4th Edition

MACROEvOLuTiON: EvOLuTiON AbOvE THE SPECiES LEvEL 519 Hadrocodium, and later mammals also show sequential steps in enlargement o ...

520 CHAPTER 20 Gradualism and Saltation Darwin proposed that evolution proceeds gradually, by small steps. His ardent sup- porte ...

MACROEvOLuTiON: EvOLuTiON AbOvE THE SPECiES LEvEL 521 do show several of the steps leading to modern cetacean morphology, such a ...

Futuyma Kirkpatrick Evolution, 4e Sinauer Associates Troutt Visual Services Evolution4e_20.04.ai Date 12-27-2016 (A) (B) (C) Chi ...

MACROEvOLuTiON: EvOLuTiON AbOvE THE SPECiES LEvEL 523 Differences among species in the activity of regulatory genes, such as Hox ...

524 CHAPTER 20 different cis-regulatory regions of a single gene, shavenbaby, that regulates expression of three downstream batt ...

MACROEvOLuTiON: EvOLuTiON AbOvE THE SPECiES LEvEL 525 into and out of the lungs. In plethodontids, these bones, no longer used f ...

526 CHAPTER 20 Complex characteristics A common argument against Darwinian evolution is based on so-called irreducible complexit ...

MACROEvOLuTiON: EvOLuTiON AbOvE THE SPECiES LEvEL 527 photoreceptors and cups are most common in slowly moving or burrowing anim ...

528 CHAPTER 20 characters with distinct identities, distinguishable from other mammalian teeth or bones [112]. Variation in some ...

MACROEvOLuTiON: EvOLuTiON AbOvE THE SPECiES LEvEL 529 of a genetic-developmental program that had been reduced or unexpressed in ...

530 CHAPTER 20 rates are measured by comparing trait means over just a few generations (see Chapter 6). It has been calculated t ...

MACROEvOLuTiON: EvOLuTiON AbOvE THE SPECiES LEvEL 531 Futuyma Kirkpatrick Evolution, 4e Sinauer Associates Troutt Visual Service ...

532 CHAPTER 20 same temperature regime throughout the last 3 My, despite the profound climate changes during the Pleistocene [95 ...

MACROEvOLuTiON: EvOLuTiON AbOvE THE SPECiES LEvEL 533 Gradualism and punctuated equilibria Paleontologists have held two rather ...

534 CHAPTER 20 another; that is, stasis that is “punctuated” by rapid change (FIGURE 20.16B). They contrasted this pattern with ...

MACROEvOLuTiON: EvOLuTiON AbOvE THE SPECiES LEvEL 535 events [47, 48]. The rate of evolution of a lineage, and therefore the amo ...

536 CHAPTER 20 peak, stabilizing new adaptations that otherwise would slip back due to gene flow and have only an ephemeral exis ...

MACROEvOLuTiON: EvOLuTiON AbOvE THE SPECiES LEvEL 537 Both driven and passive trends could have several causes [48]. Individual ...

538 CHAPTER 20 even if pollinators are scarce. The SI system almost never re-evolves in SC lineages. Thus, both a genetic ratche ...