Innovations_in_Molecular_Mechanisms_and_Tissue_Engineering_(Stem_Cell_Biology_and_Regenerative_Medicine)
137 7.6.1 Hydrogels for Neuroregeneration Hydrogels are networks composed of polymeric chains that act to mimic the extracellula ...
138 and cell-matrix interactions [ 245 – 247 ]. In general, dimensionality plays a major role in neurite extension, retraction, ...
139 injury site, increased the neuronal differentiation of NPSCs, and enhanced neurite outgrowth [ 262 ]. In a separate study, I ...
14 0 can be controlled in the production process and have been shown to have signifi cant impacts on cell fate [ 275 – 277 ]. Fo ...
141 that bioactive NGF sustained release for 3 months from the matrix, using a PC12 neurite outgrowth assay to confi rm bioactiv ...
142 agent from days to months [ 299 ]. Already, this technology has been employed for innovation upon and advancement of current ...
143 various synthesis techniques , delivery characteristics can be fi nely tuned, where: (1) delivery increases with protein loa ...
14 4 7.7 Cellular Approaches There is considerable data regarding the effect of exogenous cellular transplanta- tion in CNS inju ...
145 7.7.1 Neural Progenitor/Stem Cells NPSCs are multipotent, self-renewing precursor cells that give rise to astrocytes, oligod ...
146 Nonetheless, there are several problems that limit the use of NPSCs in clinical applications. Generally, NPSCs are less prol ...
147 7.7.2 Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are a subtype of glial cells found in the CNS ...
148 regeneration is associated with the secretion of trophic factors like NGF, FGF-2, BDNF, or NT-3 by Schwann cells [ 371 ]. Sc ...
149 7.7.5 Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are glial cells found within both the peripheral and ce ...
150 treatment of stroke by reducing infarct size and promoting recovery of motor processes [ 395 ]. However, the mechanisms behi ...
151 performed to combine various drugs, cells, and biomaterial implants in the brain, researchers have attempted many more combi ...
152 only with pMNs decreased apoptosis and neuronal differentiation while simultane- ously promoting axonal elongation and trans ...
153 Silva NA, Sousa N, Reis RL, Salgado AJ (2014) From basics to clinical: a comprehensive review on spinal cord injury. Prog N ...
154 Okada S, Nakamura M, Katoh H et al (2006) Conditional ablation of Stat3 or Socs3 discloses a dual role for reactive astrocy ...
155 rophage phenotype following spinal cord contusion injury. J Neurosci 34:4822–4836. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4369-13.2014 Curi ...
156 Patapoutian A, Reichardt LF (2001) Trk receptors: mediators of neurotrophin action. Curr Opin Neurobiol 11:272–280. doi: 10 ...
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