0851996884.pdf

Commercial Availability of Biocontrol Agents 169 Table 11.1.Continued. Natural enemy (endemic/exotic) Pest (endemic/exotic) In u ...

170 J.C. van Lenteren Table 11.1.Continued. Natural enemy (endemic/exotic) Pest (endemic/exotic) In use since Oriusspp. (en, ex) ...

published on a regular basis in the IPM Practitioner(Anon., 2000) and on the web (e.g. http://www.koppert.nl, http://www.biobest ...

al., 1997). The most commonly sold species in Europe and North America are discussed in this chapter (Table 11.2). These species ...

E. formosais usually sold in units of 1000 as parasitized whitefly pupae, either on the leaf of its whitefly host plant, as pupa ...

night. The female gall midge deposits small orange eggs near the aphids. The emerging larvae paralyse the aphids and suck them d ...

lematic pest in various greenhouse crops, including vegetables and ornamentals, and its control is difficult to achieve with eit ...

cinnabarinus (Boisduval) can also be controlled with this predator. This predatory mite is often mixed with vermiculite and put ...

mated that – expressed in monetary value – 80% of the commercial natural enemies are used in greenhouses. The vast amount of nat ...

Europe, many more aphid and leafminer parasitoids are marketed, both in total num- ber as well as in the diversity of species. A ...

Koppert (1994) Koppert Products with Directions for Use. Koppert, Berkel en Rodenrijs, 28 pp. Lipa, J.J. and Smiths, P.H. (1999) ...

...

12 Mass Production, Storage, Shipment and Release of Natural Enemies J.C. van Lenteren^1 and M.G. Tommasini^2 (^1) Laboratory of ...

The first step in a mass-rearing pro- gramme is a trial to rear the natural enemy on a natural host (the pest organism) in an ec ...

their target hosts (for details, see van Lenteren, 1986a, and Chapters 1 and 2). Rearing conditions should be as similar as poss ...

ages of emergence, but the ability to fly is much lower for the parasitoids that were stored for 16 days (Fig. 12.3). This test ...

(Ruberson et al., 1998). The predator Aphidoletes aphidimyzacan survive periods of 3–8 months when stored at 10°C (Tiitanen, 198 ...

186 J.C. van Lenteren and M.G. Tommasini Table 12.2. Survey of collection, shipment and release methods for biological control a ...

Poor shipping conditions frequently led to natural enemies arriving either dead or in poor condition. Difficulties in shipping c ...

introduced host population is almost exter- minated, the natural enemies invade the sur- rounding crop (van Steenis, 1995). The ...