0851996884.pdf

7 Adaptive Recovery after Fitness Reduction: the Role of Population Size R.F. Hoekstra Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen Univer ...

Fitness Reduction as Side Effect of Selection Genes often simultaneously affect several functional aspects of an organism, a phe ...

cuprina. Initially, resistant genotypes were at a selective disadvantage relative to the suscepti- ble genotypes in a diazinon-f ...

References Björkman, J., Hughes, D. and Andersson, D.I. (1998) Virulence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella typhimurium. Proceed ...

8 The Use of Unisexual Wasps in Biological Control R. Stouthamer* Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8031, ...

cause of unisexual reproduction in many Hymenoptera (Stouthamer, 1997), and initial experiments have shown that in some cases in ...

known to consist of both forms. The best- studied species is Trichogramma kaykaifrom the Mojave Desert (Stouthamer and Kazmer, 1 ...

96 R. Stouthamer Table 8.1.Literature review of unisexual species or biotypes among parasitic Hymenoptera. Taxa References Ichne ...

Use of Unisexual Wasps as Biocontrol Agents 97 Table 8.1.Continued. Taxa References Chalcidoidea(Continued) Aphelinidae(Continue ...

98 R. Stouthamer Table 8.1.Continued. Taxa References Chalcidoidea(Continued) Encyrtidae(Continued) Habrolepis rouxi Flanders (1 ...

interpretation of this list is difficult because it does not constitute an independent sam- ple of all parasitoid species. One m ...

Potential Advantages of Unisexuals As summarized by Stouthamer (1993), the advantages of unisexual wasps in biocon- trol are: (i ...

of increase of the sexual form will be lower than that of the unisexuals. Finally, below Mu, the unisexuals and sexuals will cau ...

production costs may form an important reason for choosing the unisexual form. Are unisexual forms easier to establish in classi ...

seemed to have spread, at least in some areas of the USA, where the unisexual form pre- vailed earlier (Stouthamer and Luck, 199 ...

the same source material; it is also assumed that it contained both unisexual and sexual forms. In total, approximately 12,500 i ...

tion of the female that had found the patch. This experiment showed that females of both forms were equally capable of finding h ...

In conclusion, we may state that the potential advantages of unisexual forms in classical biological control have not been teste ...

Carter, W. (1937) Importation and laboratory breeding of two chalcid parasites of Pseudococcus brevipes. Journal of Economic Ent ...

Flanders, S.E. (1953b) Aphelinid biologies with implications for taxonomy. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 46, 8 ...