0851996884.pdf

As shown in Fig. 4.1, the physiological state of the parasitoid relative to other needs can be considered as a gateway that filt ...

is the actual encounter and oviposition in or upon a suitable host (e.g. Dicke and Vet, 1999). In other words, all the other re ...

product of the proper matching of the intrin- sic conditions of the searching female with the target environment. Thus, we shall ...

The tests should be representative of the climatic, habitat (e.g. host-plant species, age and parts) and host-insect (e.g. age, ...

Managing the environmental component Given the release of parasitoids of adequate quality into the habitat or the presence of wi ...

from the findings that artificial faecal pellets containing the reinforcing host-recognition kairomone and desired volatile odou ...

Bradshaw, A.D. (1965) Evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity in plants. Advances in Genetics 13, 115–155. Caltagiron ...

Lewis, W.J. and Tumlinson, J.H. (1988) Host detection by chemically mediated associative teaming in a parasitic wasp. Nature 331 ...

Shahjahan, M. (1974) Erigeron flowers as a food and attractive odor source for Peristenus pseudopallipes,a braconid parasitoid o ...

Waage, J.K. and Hassell, M.P. (1982) Parasitoids as biological control agents – a fundamental approach. Parasitology 84, 241–268 ...

5 The Parasitoids’ Need for Sweets: Sugars in Mass Rearing and Biological Control F.L. Wäckers* Laboratory of Entomology, PO Box ...

predatory hemipterans (Bugg et al., 1991), predacious beetles (Larochell, 1990), lacewings (Limburg and Rosenheim, 2001) and pre ...

ness consequences. Carbohydrates can have a strong impact on several key fitness para- meters. Sugar feeding is indispensable to ...

to be similar to those of honey-bees (Wäckers, 1999, 2001), the composition of floral nectar is probably suitable for hymenopter ...

In the case of honeydew, the volume pro- duced and its composition depend on the sap-feeding species, as well as on plant para- ...

more variable. In general, EFN composition shows relatively high levels of fructose and glucose (Tanowitz and Koehler, 1986; Kop ...

Taste perception To test the gustatory response of Cotesia glomerata, food-deprived parasitoids were presented with highly conce ...

may create the conflict of whether to use a host for current (oviposition) or future repro- ductive success (host-feeding) (Heim ...

Parasitoids are equipped with a number of mechanisms that enable them to deal with the dichotomy between searching for hosts (re ...

Baker, H.G. and Baker, I. (1982a) Chemical constituents of nectar in relation to pollination mechanisms and phylogeny. In: Nitec ...