Testing Lecture Comprehension Through Listening-to-summarize Cloze Tasks

between metal processes language tests elicit and those happen in non-test condi- tions would be out of the question. The curren ...

whole, the TAP data provide substantial support for the cognitive operation model of the test-taking phase. The following two ex ...

to infer the answer through interacting closely with the given information from the exam paper. The third participant spent more ...

Do the four gap types really target the level of cognitive processing they are calibrated to? How differently do the test-taker ...

Protocols chosen for analysis are typical of each gap type, though not all of them are presented below in order to make full use ...

Levels of processing: In both of the protocols, the participants have mentioned they heard the word and wrote down the word in t ...

Levels of processing: In all of the protocols, participants either mentioned they heard the word or wrote down the word in their ...

Levels of processing: In all of the protocols except thefirst one, participants reached the level of meaning construction, which ...

what they hear now”. The logic here makes sense except that theflow of though is restricted due to the lack of relevant notes. T ...

Table 6.19 Gap Type 3-Inference gaps of 2013 TEM 8 (2) Protocol 1 (Gap No. 9; No answer; TEM 4: 78; TEM 8 Mini: 3.5) Zhou: Then, ...

Levels of processing: In all of the protocols, participants reached the level of meaning construction, which is evidenced by ext ...

The second participant here mixed difficulty and failure together. Though they may both pose challenge to learners, but the rele ...

protocol clearly signals the retention of the material-bound information and the proper depth of cognitive process is reached su ...

Table 6.20 (continued) Protocol 3 (Gap No. 5; Half correct; TEM 4: 79; TEM 8 Mini: 4) Fan: Thefifth one should be organization R ...

Levels of processing: This gap summarizes active learners’note-taking quali- ties, aiming to reach test-takers’higher cognitive ...

she wrote down “entire class period”, and reported “it should be before note-taking”, which clearly shows she failed to construc ...

Level of processing: The gap summarizes the nature of proximity, also aiming to reach test-takers’higher cognitive processing of ...

building coherence, identifying key words, etc. Though packed in the meaning construction process, summarizing is indeed very ch ...

Chapter 7 Using Retelling Protocols to Explore Listeners’Mental Representation of the Two Mini-Lectures 7.1 Introduction This ch ...

her interpretation skills, so her case can be seen as extraordinary. In terms of frequency, paraphrase tops others and summarizi ...