Popes and Jews, 1095-1291

232 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 massacres of 1096 associated with the first Crusade, and probably also because they feared the out ...

The City of Rome 233 inheritance of biblical Judaism, not just theologically but also physically.46 Papal emphasis on the physic ...

234 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 portico of the Lateran’s western entrance, which began with two scenes referring to the destructio ...

The City of Rome 235 THE PAPAL ADVENTUS CEREMonY During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries popes often promoted ‘adventus’, wh ...

236 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 in the twelfth century we have records of at least ten papal accessions.73 The papal coronation ad ...

The City of Rome 237 scriptural confrontation between Judaism and Christianity.81 When the Pontifical of the Roman Curia attribu ...

238 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 but also on coronation day, as well as on occasions when the pope had already been elected and con ...

The City of Rome 239 Christmas and Easter Monday of twenty solidi from the papal chamberlain as the customary presbyterium.99 We ...

240 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 praises sung in Latin and Greek when they were mingled with the ‘inarticulate choruses’ of the Jew ...

The City of Rome 241 protection for them as their temporal lord.112 A further reason for the papal pres- entation of ‘sicut iuda ...

242 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 when he performed the long and anticipated ceremony of coronation and imperial unction for the emp ...

The City of Rome 243 in Hebrew. The Torah was written in the language of the ancient Hebrews, was the word of God itself and so ...

244 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 Rome is the head of the kingdoms of Christendom, and contains about 200 Jews who occupy an honoura ...

The City of Rome 245 work for Jews and stipulated harsh penalties if they did. The language of Lateran iii hardly suggests the c ...

This chapter examines the relationship of popes with Jewish communities through­ out Europe through the medium of their correspo ...

Papal Rhetoric: Heretics, Muslims, and Jews 247 one section of Israel has become blind, but this will only last until the whole ...

248 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 CoMMon ThEMES And IndIVIduAl ATTITudES As we have seen, following Gregory the Great’s example, in ...

Papal Rhetoric: Heretics, Muslims, and Jews 249 A second Pauline–Augustinian theme that popes wanted to emphasize was the eventu ...

250 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 since he Who wants none to perish, mercifully still awaits their conversion, for God will not fore ...

Papal Rhetoric: Heretics, Muslims, and Jews 251 ecclesie’ to the archbishop of Arles, he noted that the Fourth Council of Toledo ...