Popes and Jews, 1095-1291

252 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 PAPAl rhETorIC: ‘PErFIdIA’, ‘durITIA’, ‘CAECITIA’ Papal letters concerned with the treatment of Je ...

Papal Rhetoric: Heretics, Muslims, and Jews 253 the Jewish perfidy is in every way worthy of condemnation’.39 Gregory IX frequen ...

254 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 ‘unbeliever and disbelief, along with treachery’, to ‘intentional and malevolent infi­ delity... a ...

Papal Rhetoric: Heretics, Muslims, and Jews 255 light of Christ’ and who subsequently wanted his son also to be brought up in th ...

256 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 not mean that there was no element of ‘anti­Jewishness’ in their utterances; that may have been th ...

Papal Rhetoric: Heretics, Muslims, and Jews 257 ... Jews and Pagans, recognising the true light may from the darkness and shadow ...

258 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 baptized but who had subsequently returned to Islam and Judaism because they could not support the ...

Papal Rhetoric: Heretics, Muslims, and Jews 259 It shows that although the crusaders of your district and dioceses should have p ...

260 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 JEWS AS hErETICS In the ancient world Judaism was often equated with the Arian heresy because of t ...

Papal Rhetoric: Heretics, Muslims, and Jews 261 baptized but subsequently apostatized, were seeking sanctuary in churches. What ...

262 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 that there were ‘synagogues for the wicked’, communes of usurers and extor­ tioners, in every city ...

Papal Rhetoric: Heretics, Muslims, and Jews 263 uncomfortably with the Pauline–Augustinian idea that a remnant of them would be ...

264 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 other letters employed colourful metaphors and similes to express his concern about the influence ...

Papal Rhetoric: Heretics, Muslims, and Jews 265 Thus shall you by your actions show that you hate iniquity and love justice, whe ...

The relationship of the papacy to the Jews during the High Middle Ages is a vital part of the long and tumultuous history of Chr ...

Conclusion 267 Jewish activities, popes responded to their concerns. So in their dealings with Jewish communities, popes were hi ...

268 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 of an increasingly unified and centralized Christian society, I have argued that papal pronounceme ...

Conclusion 269 ones, synagogues continued to be constructed throughout medieval Europe during the High Middle Ages.10 In general ...

270 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 A subsidiary but important aim of this book has been to highlight the com- plexity and richness of ...

Appendix The Historiography The present book is firmly rooted in recent work by scholars such as Solomon Grayzel, Shlomo Simonso ...