Calendars in Antiquity. Empires, States, and Societies

This 30-year cycle was no doubt a response to the 50-year decree that was issued by the western faction of the same Council, in ...

of the Church of Rome, which kept 30 March and 16 April.^145 It has been argued that Alexandria refused to compromise in these t ...

Easter‘with the Jews’: Quartodecimans, Novatians, and other heretics in the late fourth–fifth centuries The decision at Nicaea t ...

shall thenceforth be an alien from the Church, as one who not only heaps sins upon himself, but who is also the cause of destruc ...

Easter, but only obedience to Nicaea and unity of the Church: he repeatedly writes, ‘we put more importance on harmony (symphoni ...

(50. 1. 6–7)...the Quartodecimans too have departed from the prescribed path (50. 1. 9).^159 Epiphanius makes some use (without ...

(70. 9. 7), but this was corrected, for the sake of accord and harmony, at the Council of Nicaea. Again, the Audians claim suppo ...

crime, inasmuch as they wish to be called‘Protopaschites’. But if the Novatians should suppose that the day of Easter...ought to ...

from those from whom they separated and moved the festival of Pascha’(4. 28. 16)—note the emphasis on sectarian separatism. This ...

allowed to follow the Jews even in public. The extent to which this canon really legitimized calendar diversity would have been ...

confirms that the new Easter heresies were principally located in the provinces of Asia Minor, even if protopaschism also had de ...

Passover (whenever it occurred, even before the equinox), which as far as we know was specific, at least by the early fourth cen ...

for creating for themselves a dissident or heretical identity—it was a way of playing heresy.^180 Conclusion The Councils of Arl ...

At the Councils of Arles and Nicaea, calendar diversity was conceived, for the first time in history, as a social evil; the cohe ...

scattered Christian communities to reckon the same calendar, and in the fourth century facilitated the enforcement of a single d ...

Conclusion A wide range of sometimes very different calendars were used in ancient empires, states, and societies, but they alls ...

practice:lunar calendars could be reckoned in a variety of ways.In the city states of Greece and the Greek-speaking world, calen ...

Roman-period inscriptions presents itselfasafullyfixed scheme, clearly reflecting the influence of Romanfastiand the Julian cale ...

determined not by scientific progress, but in most cases, by politicalfactors and politicaldecisions. The roleofpoliticalrulers ...

(Chapter 4).In the Roman province of Asia, the radicaladaptation of thelocal lunar calendar to the (solar) Julian calendar in 8 ...