The Afghanistan Wars - William Maley

General Asif Nawaz Janjua held a symbolically significant meeting in Rome with Zahir Shah’s son-in-law, General Abdul Wali; and ...

Kabul in order to seize it (Rubin, 1995b: 173; Bradsher, 1999: 379). During a meeting that day, Najibullah had confronted Azimi, ...

of Kabul, said there was no need for coalition leaders to come to the capital, and warned he would shoot their plane down if the ...

mistake was to overestimate Najibullah’s personal authority, putting off until too late in the day the task of pressuring him to ...

9 The Rise and Fall of the Rabbani Government, 1992–1996 The period from 1992 to 1996 is one of the more misunderstood in modern ...

put his faith in the Peshawar-based party leaders to craft a govern- ment (Nojumi, 2002). But the turmoil after the collapse of ...

The problem of elite division is one which has afflicted many political systems, and has attracted a considerable amount of atte ...

existence of a relatively stable institutional framework (Higley and Burton, 1989) which was precisely what post-communist Afgha ...

members’ of the parties: the Prime Ministership to Hekmatyar’s Hezb, the Defence Ministry to the Jamiat-e Islami, and the Foreig ...

cotted it (Akram, 1996: 415–16), claimed that he had manipulated it to his advantage (Rubin, 1995a: 273), but its problem was ac ...

placed under the control of ‘commissions’ for two months, after which ministers would be elected by a meeting of resistance com- ...

accept the dictates of a body which they had played no great role in assembling. This Dostam did. But the third, and most critic ...

Hekmatyar’s commanders. Their objective was to undermine the symbolic authority of the Rabbani government by highlighting its in ...

which it refused to take part. On 24 January 1993, Wahdatforces attacked Massoud’s while they were occupied with combating Hekma ...

Hekmatyar fled to Sarobi, leaving his Charasiab headquarters in a disordered state. His ‘Radio Message of Freedom’ disap- peared ...

(United Nations, 1993b: para. 26), and in late 1994, the Special Rapporteur of the UN Human Rights Commission estimated that at ...

suburb in which it is located was controlled by Hezb-e Wahdat (Dupree, 1996: 45) – although the skill of the looters in choosing ...

‘another world’ compared to May. Reconstruction projects were beginning to get underway, and amongst aid agencies, there was a s ...

Eastern and southern Afghanistan Jalalabad and Kandahar each found themselves controlled by groups of Pushtun notables. However, ...

its proximity to access routes through Uzbekistan, led to something of a boom, with UN offices and foreign consulates being esta ...