The Afghanistan Wars - William Maley

The SCUD missile had certain features which protected it from Stinger missiles in the hands of the resistance: it was a proper ...

ginalised or actively harassed by the state or its agents in the past. Dostam’s militia was multiethnic (Rubin, 1995a: 160), but ...

Marxist rhetoric, and intensified vilification of Pakistan and of Arab extremism. The party, in its new guise, was to be open on ...

General Staff, Lieutenant-General Shahnawaz Tanai, had been appointed Defence Minister, even though he was a Khalqi. Tanai had b ...

Karmal’s return to Kabul, a blistering critique of Najibullah appeared in the Soviet press. The author reported that it was Sovi ...

the Mujahideen also suffered from a loss of international support, at a crucial juncture, which adversely affected their combat ...

mujahideenofficials’ (Bradsher, 1999: 346). However, one source which he cites looked suspiciously like an ISI attempt to shift ...

ing that only through an election in Afghanistan could it become representative. Several other attacks should be mentioned at th ...

gathering on the border between Badakhshan and Kunar from 9–13 October. While the bulk of the participants were Pushtuns, the Sh ...

two terms as Vice-President to President Reagan, he did not bring a fixed vision of how to proceed in Afghanistan. His approach ...

regime. Shevardnadze in February 1990 had outlined a framework for regime transition in Afghanistan which proved a workable basi ...

notion that one could establish ‘Zones of Tranquillity’ in ‘the areas where fighting has ceased’ (Sadruddin Aga Khan, 1990) was ...

dialogue, leading to the establishment of a broad-based Government. (a) The need, during that period, for transitional arrangeme ...

the USA, associates of Mohammad Zaher, former king of Afghanistan’ (BBC Summary of World BroadcastsFE/1189/B/2, 28 September 199 ...

‘I do not disagree with the elections to be held under auspices of the United Nations, or the Organization of the Islamic Confer ...

shortly, prompted efforts by the UN to give concrete shape to some of the more abstract principles contained in the Secretary-Ge ...

THE COLLAPSE OF THE REGIME In August 1991, Najibullah reiterated that he ‘would not resign to allow an interim government to be ...

self-designated ‘State Committee for the Emergency Situation’. The coup collapsed within two days, and then the recriminations b ...

January 1992. And this was exactly what happened. Ironically, the Soviet Union itself ceased to exist on that date. Najibullah c ...

interests, and few of these found much in the UN plan that offered them anything at all. Instead, they began to build bridges to ...