Diplomacy and Trade in the Chinese World, 589-1276

hsia 511 General of the Guards as envoy to congratulate the Hsia ruler on his birthday (Chin shih 6:18b). On Feb.11, 1168, the N ...

512 hsia At some time during 1172, Shih-tsung closed two border markets (Chin shih 134:6a). On Jan.16, 1173, the New Year’s Day, ...

hsia 513 at the Chin court. On Mar.21, they congratulated on the birthday of Shih-tsung (Chin shih 7:14b-15a). On Oct.23, 1178, ...

514 hsia On Sep.25, 1183, Shih-tsung appointed an Auxiliary General of the Guards as envoy to congratulate the Hsia ruler on his ...

hsia 515 aged 67, and was succeeded by Chang-tsung. On Jan.31, the new emperor sent the Grand Judge and others to announce Shih- ...

516 hsia but because of the mourning for the Empress Dowager the court was suspended (Chin shih 9:12b). In the 9th month (Sep./O ...

hsia 517 the birthday of Chang-tsung (Chin shih 10:6b). On Nov.15, 1194, Chang-tsung appointed the Commissioner of the Office of ...

518 hsia of the Ministry of Arms as envoy to congratulate the Hsia ruler on his birthday. He appointed an Auxiliary General of t ...

hsia 519 cousin An-ch’üan and died soon thereafter, aged 30. His temple name was Huan-tsung. An-ch’üan enthroned himself. He for ...

520 hsia state had been under Mongol attack since 1211, and Tsun-hsü sought to turn this to Hsia’s advantage. In the 7th month ( ...

hsia 521 Mongols had invaded Hsia, which had led to its nominal submission in 1210. In early 1226, the Mongols attacked again an ...

522 hsia Chin all but three of the seven contemporary rulers. China is not recorded to have announced the death of a single memb ...

hsia 523 of Hsing-tsung and Tao-tsung’s mother to Hsia. There is no mention of testamentary gifts to or from Chin. The Sung, wit ...

524 hsia gratulated Jen-hsiao 36 times from 1151 to 1192, and Shun-yu every year from 1194 to 1203. It is clear from this survey ...

hsia 525 1140 but met with no success. He expressed his frustrations in 1131 by referring to Hsia as basically an enemy state. A ...

526 hsia Hsia exported horses, camels, cattle, falcons, carpets, herbs, salt, pearls, jade etc.,^56 but on the government level ...

liao 527 Map 10. Place names connected with the Turkic and Tangut tribes. ...

528 liao ...

liao 529 Liao The Khitan, in Chinese Ch’i-tan, may have belonged to the Mongol language family. When they appeared in history, t ...

530 liao In the 2nd month (Feb./Mar.) of 624, Khitan envoys offered gifts (Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei p.5023). In 628, the Khitan chief M ...