Diplomacy and Trade in the Chinese World, 589-1276

liao 591 On Oct.1, 1069, Sung envoys to the Liao court congratulated on the birthday of Tao-tsung and on the New Year’s Day of F ...

592 liao Dowager arrived at the Sung court to congratulate on the New Year’s Day of Feb.10 (Sung shih 15:8b; Hsü Tzu-chih t’ung- ...

liao 593 the New Year’s Day of Jan.20, 1075 (Sung shih 15:12a). On Jan.15, 1075, envoys from Tao-tsung and from the Empress Dowa ...

594 liao gratulate on the birthday of Tao-tsung and on the New Year’s Day of Jan.27, 1077 (Sung shih 15:17a). On Oct.26, 1076, L ...

liao 595 gratulate on the birthday of Tao-tsung and on the New Year’s Day of Feb.12, 1081 (Sung shih 16:1b). On Feb.7, 1081, Lia ...

596 liao Aug.7 (Liao shih 24:6a; Hsü Tzu-chih t’ung-chien ch’ang-pien p.3301). On July 10, 1085, Sung envoys to the Liao court p ...

liao 597 On July 29, 1088, Liao envoys arrived at the Sung court to con- gratulate on the birthday of the Grand Empress Dowager^ ...

598 liao gratulate on the birthday of the Grand Empress Dowager^197 (Hsü Tzu-chih t’ung-chien ch’ang-pien p.4318). On Jan.15, 10 ...

liao 599 On Jan.16, 1097, the New Year’s Day, Che-tsung did not hold court. The Liao envoys congratulated at the Audience Gate ( ...

600 liao On Feb.7, 1100, Liao envoys arrived at the Sung court to congratu- late on the New Year’s Day of Feb.12. On Feb.16, the ...

liao 601 Sung court presented Tao-tsung’s testamentary gifts (Sung shih 19:5a, 6b;Liao shih 27:2a). On Feb.14, 1105, an Auxiliar ...

602 liao through T’ang, i.e. 589 to 906, when Chinese superiority was never in doubt. The second can be dated 907 to 1005, i.e. ...

liao 603 gratulated on the New Year’s Day probably in 645 and certainly in 719.They informed about an internal upheaval in 733 a ...

604 liao of the Chinese states and the Khitan, the former never offered prin- cesses in marriage and the latter never sought the ...

liao 605 the death of the Khitan emperor T’ai-tsu. The Khitan suspended the court for seven days after the death of Kao-tsu of L ...

606 liao for one day after the death of a mere Liao envoy. In contrast, the Liao rulers never mourned Sung emperors, their widow ...

liao 607 to special circumstances is difficult to say. All mutual congratulations on New Year’s Days and birthdays ceased after ...

608 liao dates of 81 Liao missions are known. 60 of these arrived 5 days earlier. The average interval was 5.2 days.^209 For the ...

liao 609 this was trade. Even though the Sung attempted to prevent its envoys from engaging in private commerce, such a prohibit ...

610 liao who had previously been detained by the Later T’ang. Khitan envoys passing through the territory of An Ch’ung-jung some ...