God’s Playground. A History of Poland, Vol. 2. 1795 to the Present
THE RISE OF THE COMMON PEOPLE 135 ...
136 LUD was born in one of my own villages? At Chepetowka, actually. And yet when I speak to him I have absolutely the impressio ...
THE RISE OF THE COMMON PEOPLE 137 simply to declare that all people were equal before the law. In theory, this put the serf on t ...
138 LUD nied by compensation payments for the peasant. Even so, mass clearances were so common that they had to be controlled by ...
THE RISE OF THE COMMON PEOPLE 139 the replacement of manorial jurisdiction by the peasant commune (gmina). In Russian Poland, th ...
140 LUD And each man lived in his own way, as he thought fit, as was most convenient and sociable for him and for others, as the ...
THE RISE OF THE COMMON PEOPLE 141 values were obstinately preserved in spite of the dispositions of well-intentioned reformers. ...
142 LUD for buying food from the Polish peasantry, thus eliminating the German or Jewish middleman. The stimulus given to the aw ...
THE RISE OF THE COMMON PEOPLE 143 Among the new classes of the nineteenth century, the new middle stratum (meaning that part of ...
144 LUD The great bourgeois families were as rare, and as rich, as the ancient magna- tial clans. The two often intermarried. Th ...
THE RISE OF THE COMMON PEOPLE 145 transformed the social scene in several well-defined localities. In Upper Silesia, in the Dabr ...
146 LUD Industrial wages in the era before the full expansion of the market economy form a subject of great complexity. In Polis ...
THE RISE OF THE COMMON PEOPLE 147 agricultural labourers in the countryside. The communists, despite two decades of tireless eff ...
148 LUD the Porcelain Factory at Belweder (Belvedere), and the well-known Dangel coachworks on Elektoralna St., there were no le ...
THE RISE OF THE COMMON PEOPLE 149 European context; but they did turn Warsaw into one of the more modern cities of the Russian E ...
150 LUD magnates were outpaced by the new German and Jewish bourgeoisie - by the Fraenkels, Epsteins, Rosens, Bergsons, Steinkel ...
THE RISE OF THE COMMON PEOPLE^151 To right and left stood a row of shallow shops, each of them like cupboards boarded over with ...
7. KOSCIOL: The Roman Catholic Church in Poland The prime concern of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland, as in any other countr ...
THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN POLAND 153 Prussia, passed in 1818 to the newly created Archbishop of Warsaw who at the Tsar's requ ...
154 KOSCIOL authorities. The goal was to be attained by the strict supervision of all appoint- ments; by the total denial of all ...
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